Fluid Balance
Where is interstitial fluid found?
in between the body's cells
How does Furosemide work?
It inhibits sodium, chloride, and water reabsorption in the Loop of Henle
What are some therapeutic effects of hydrochlorothiazide?
reduced edema, lowered BP, improvement of sx related to fluid volume overload
True or False: Potassium-sparing diuretics are the most effective diuretics.
False
What are some possible causes of hypovolemia?
vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, blood loss due to trauma
What is active transport?
movement of solutes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
Which electrolyte level is most important to monitor while a patient is on Furosemide?
Potassium
What often happens to blood sugar levels when taking Hydrochlorothiazide?
increased
How is Spironolactone different from Furosemide?
It retains potassium in the body and is less potent of a diuretic than Furosemide
What are some possible causes of hypervolemia?
congestive heart failure, kidney failure, excessive fluid administration
What are crystalloid solutions?
IV solutions with water and electrolytes
What might a patient complain of if they are experiencing Furosemide toxicity?
tinnitus
How does HCTZ affect uric acid levels in the blood?
can cause hyperuricemia
In which two parts of the nephron do potassium-sparing diuretics work?
DCT and Collecting Duct
What would happen to BP and HR in hypervolemia?
What are 2 ways that we can monitor a patient's fluid status?
Your patient was instructed to increase her dietary intake of potassium. What foods would the nurse suggest she eat?
bananas, potatoes, broccoli, dried fruit, legumes, etc.
Which electrolyte imbalances could occur while taking hydrochlorothiazide?
hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia
What are the indications for Spironolactone?
hyperaldosteronism, hypertension, heart failure
What might we auscultate in the lungs of a person with hypervolemia?
crackles
When are IV fluids contraindicated?
Your patient is taking Furosemide daily. During your assessment, she reveals she has been experiencing nausea, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea along with some muscle cramps, weakness, and a feeling that “my heart was going to jump out of my chest.” What do you suspect is occurring?
hyperkalemia
HCTZ mainly works on the PCT to reduce fluid and electrolyte reabsorption. What is the secondary MOA?
dilates arterioles and increases calcium reabsorption
potassium-rich foods
What is another way to treat hypervolemia besides diuretic use?
fluid and sodium restrictions