Osmotic diuretics
Lab value that determines how well the kidneys are functioning
Glomerular Filtration Rate(GFR)
Thiazide: Hydrochlorothiazide (generic)
Thiazide like :chlorthalidone
Prototype medication
Furosemide
Prototype medication
Acetazolamide
Prototype medication
Spironolactone
Mannitol
Thiazide/thiazide like diuretics are used to treat what?
Edema of HF, Renal, Liver disease
AE of loop diuretics
Hypokalemia,
hypocalcemia,
hypotension and dizziness
Ototoxicity and deafness
Adjunct therapy when a more intense diuresis is needed.
Great for treating glaucoma
Indication
Patients who are at risk for developing hypokalemia
Increased cranial Pressure
Mild diuretic, 1st choice for HTN
Hydrochlorothiazide
Less powerful diuretic, great for at home use
Furosemide
Slows down movement of H+ to excrete more Na+
Acetazolamide
AE of Potassium sparing diuretics
Hirsutism
Menstrual irregularities
Cautions
Renal disease, anuria, pulmonary congestion, Intracranial bleeding, dehydration, HR all exacerbate
Most common AE
Fluid/electrolyte imbalance
Hypotension (hold for low, systolic less than 100)
Hypokalemia - muscle cramps, arrhythmias
Indications for loop diuretics
Rapid and Extensive Diuresis up to 20 pounds
Acute HF,
Acute Pulmonary Edema
Edema associated w/ HF, renal/liver disease,HTN
What are some Adverse effects of Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors
Metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, neurological effects.
Foods to Avoid while on spironolactone
Avocado Rhubarb
Grapefruit
Bananas
Broccoli
Function of Osmotic diuretics
Pull water into renal tubule without sodium loss
Drug-drug interaction
Digoxin - Hypokalemia, Toxicity
Lithium - Hyponatremia, toxicity
Associated labs
HCT, BUN, Specific gravity increase
Can be used for what 2 kinds of edema?
Edema caused by Heart failure
Drug induced Edema
Spironolactone causes the loss of what, and the retention of what?
loss of sodium and water
retention of potassium