The traditional territory of this First Nation was among the first to have contact with Europeans and the first permanent settlement.
Who are the mi'kmaq?
100
These were the very first Europeans to settle and explore North America as we know from ruins left around 1000 CBE.
Who were the Vikings?
100
This was the major difference in how the First Nations and Europeans viewed trade.
What is building alliances?
100
This economic system provided the main motivation for establishing colonies as European nations made money from their colonies.
What is mercantilism?
100
Rivalry in the fur trade was at times quite bitter between the Hudson's Bay Company and this company run by British merchants but staffed by the Canadiens who had previously worked New France's fur trade.
What was the North West Company?
200
Among many First Nations, including the Anishinabe, their society was organized into these groups often according to family lineages, each with different responsibilities.
What are clans?
200
Disruption of these were the main reason that Europeans began voyages of exploration overseas.
What are trade routes?
200
This First Nation is extinct due to the effects of contact - conflict, epidemics, and starvation.
Who were the Beothuk?
200
It is a set of rules and privileges granted to a company by a king or a queen, like the Hudson's Bay Company.
What is a charter?
200
A unique people created by the interactions involved in the fur trade, these people participated in the fur trade by supplying pemmican and acting as middlemen.
Who were the Metis?
300
First Nations negotiated many of these agreements, like the Great Law of Peace, among groups of nations to act together to support each other's interests.
What are alliances?
300
This navigational technology was new to Europeans because they were developed by the Greeks, Arabs, or Chinese.
What is the compass OR what is the astrolabe?
300
This French explorer visited the villages of Stadacona and Hochelaga and also kidnapped Donnacona and four others to Europe where they died of European diseases.
Who was Jacques Cartier?
300
A major difference in government between of the colonies of New France and the Thirteen Colonies was that New France did NOT have this.
What is an elected assembly?
300
They followed the fur trader west, rounding churches and schools and laid the foundations of permanent European settlement in the west.
Who are missionaries?
400
Much more than just entertainment, First Nations used these to teach children and to preserve their history.
What are stories?
400
Since Europeans were beginning to realize that the Earth was a globe, he thought he could sail west across the Atlantic Ocean to get to trading ports in the east.
Who was Christopher Columbus?
400
This explorer established the first European permanent settlements at Port-Royal in Acadia and at Quebec.
Who was Samuel de Champlain?
400
As the fur trade developed, conflict dramatically increased between First Nations resulting in this series of intense conflicts.
What were the Beaver Wars?
400
To take best advantage of opportunities in the fur trade, the Metis created a distinct culture centered on their main settlement located at this place.
What is Red River?
500
An example of this pattern of land use, the Mi'kmaq traditionally lived close to the coast in summer and in the forest in winter.
What is seasonal movement?
500
He claimed the first land in what would become Newfoundland and began the export of fish to Britain.
Who was Giovanni Caboto? (John Cabot)
500
A British explorer, his ship got trapped in ice, his crew suffered from starvation and scurvy before mutinying, and he ultimately died but he discovered this large body of water in the north while searching for the Northwest Passage.
Who was Henry Hudson?
500
An innovative attempt to solve the problem of very low population growth in New France, the king brought this group to the colony.
Who were the filles du roi?
500
These early middlemen in the fur trade were rugged Canadiens who were independent traders working directly with the First Nations.