Viruses/Bacteria
What do we call a virus that infects bacteria?
Bacteriophage
Fungi are more related to animals.
They share almost nothing in common with plants besides the fact that they are stationary, multicellular eukaryotes and many grow in the ground.
This protist has one or more flagella to help with movement. They are heterotrophic and unicellular and they can sometimes live in the intestines of insects, forming a symbiotic relationship.
Zoomastigina
Give an example of a non-vascular plant
Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Identify the three layers of cells in the body and give an example of a coelomate.
Ectoderm: Outer layer
Mesoderm: Middle Layer
Endoderm: Inner Layer
Give an example of a viral infection that reproduces with the Lytic cycle. How do you know that it uses the Lytic cycle?
The common cold. The symptoms are immediate.
Describe the two methods of nutrition that fungi are capable of (autotrophic and heterotrophic).
They cannot photosynthesize so they are not autotrophs.
They are heterotrophic decomposers
Why are protists consider the "misfits"?
Everything that doesn't classify as "fungi","plantae" and "animalia".
Name three key characteristics of bryophytes.
-They don't have roots, instead they have rhizoids.
-They don't have tubes for transport so they rely on osmosis and diffusion.
-They reproduce sexually through spores (need water to do this).
Name the animalia:
It has 2 layers of cells, a radial body plan, muscle tissue and a nervous system that allows them to swim and capture prey using stinging tenticles.
Cnidarian
Use the classroom whiteboards to compare the differences between Archaea and Bacteria. Include at least 3 points for each.
Archaea: cell walls have no peptidoglycan, do not cause diseases, are capable of living in harsh/extreme environments.
Bacteria: cell walls have peptidoglycan (BONUS points if you explain gram staining), can cause disease, capable of living everywhere else.
Use the classroom whiteboards to explain the 4 types of fungal nutrition
Parasitic (-/+)
Predatory (-/+)
Mutualistic (+/+)
Saprobial (0/+)
What is the red tide? What organism causes this? How is it harmful?
A red tide is an event that occurs on the coastline when algae—a plant-like organism—grows out of control.
Caused by Gonyaulax, a dinoflagellate protist that spreads on the surface of the water
The name “red tide” comes from the fact that overgrown algae can cause the water to change color.
Red tides can be hazardous to human health and sea life as it takes all the oxygen in the water, blocks the sun from autotrophs.
Name the vascular plant:
A small evergreen looking plant that grows in dense mats in moist temperature or tropical forests. It has true roots and stems.
Name the Animalia:
It has three layers of cells, a coelom, two body openings, and a muscular foot for movement.
Molluscs
Include the 4 prefixes.
Coccus, bacillus, spirillum
Use the classroom whiteboards to explain how fungi reproduce. Include the terms haploid and diploid in your answer.
Spores are released with haploid nuclei. Under favourable conditions, the spores become fertilized and fuse their nuclei together to form a dikaryotic, diploid cell. This leads to hyphae growth which leads to mycelium and eventually a mature fruiting body that can repeat the process again.
What is unique about the phylum sporozoa? Give an example.
They are parasites and need a host to complete their lifecycle.
An example is malaria.
Name the vascular plant:
It is found in damp areas or along roadsides, it has silica in their cells which accounts for the roughness, and it can be used in shampoos to combat head lice
Name the Animalia:
It has three layers of cells, a segmented body – divided into a series of ringed segments, with a head and several organ systems
Platyhelminthes (segmented worm)
What is antibiotic resistance? Why is it important to understand?
Bacteria with the certain antibiotic resistant coded on their plasmid are likely to survive
They will therefore make up more of the population as they will survive and reproduce
Bacteria may become more resistant, making the antibiotics ineffective
Define and explain a symbiotic relationship that involves fungi.
Fungi provide the plant with nutrients they need such as phosphorous and copper (decomposition).
Plants provide fungus with energy rich food molecules to decompose.
Explain the endosymbiotic theory. Give evidence.
One prokaryotic cell engulfs another prokaryotic cell but does not digest it.
Cells live together in a mutually benefiting relationship (symbiosis) becoming dependent upon each other.
-Present-day mitochondria and chloroplasts each have two membranes.
-Their inner membranes are similar to those of their ancestral prokaryote, while their outer membranes match the cell membranes of the eukaryote.
-Present-day mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own internal chromosomes which are very similar to prokaryotic chromosomes and contain genetic information used by the organelles.
-Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce independently within eukaryotic cells by binary fission, just as prokaryotes do.
What is the key difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms?
Angiosperms have enclosed seeds and gymnosperms do not.
This phylum includes organisms with jointed feet and a segmented body plan. They have a hard exoskeleton that sheds in cycles as they grow.
Arthropods