Miscellaneous
Embryology
Spinal Cord Anatomy and Lesions
Brain and Brainstem Anatomy
Pathology
100
All sensory information is relayed through the thalamus except for this one.
What is olfaction?
100
The notochord ultimately develops into this anatomical structure.
What is the nucleus pulposus?
100
This ascending tract conveys crude touch and pressure sensations.
What is the anterior spinothalamic tract?
100
This anatomic demarcation separates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe.
What is the Sylvian fissure?
100
The presence and gene expression of this protein decreases the risk of developing Alzheimer disease.
What is ApoE2?
200
This nucleus regulates circadian rhythms.
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
200
The pons and the cerebellum are derived from this embryological structure. (Be specific)
What is the metencephalon (which arises from the rhombencephalon)?
200
This ascending tract conveys pressure, vibration, fine touch and proprioception from the upper body. (Be specific)
What is the fasciculus cuneatus?
200
The putamen and the globus pallidus comprise this basal ganglia structure.
What is the lentiform nucleus?
200
This nucleus undergoes atrophy in Huntington disease.
What is the caudate nucleus?
300
In the inner ear, low frequency sounds are best heard near this structure.
What is the helicotrema (apex of the basilar membrane)?
300
This regional structure in the neural tube develops into key parts of the mature sensory pathways.
What is the alar (dorsal) plate?
300
A patient does not show any sign of arm straightening when a reflex test is conducted. She likely has a lesion in this nerve root.
What is C7/C8?
300
A rupture of this artery can lead to the appearance of a biconvex density on CT scan of the head.
What is the middle meningeal artery?
300
A patient shows repetitive involuntary eye movements and trembling of the limbs when reaching for objects. During the interview, he pronounces his words in separate syllables with varying degrees of emphasis. This disease is the most likely diagnosis.
What is multiple sclerosis?
400
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can lead to this ocular condition that is characterized by optic disc atrophy and thinning of the outer rim of the optic nerve.
What is closed (or narrow) angle glaucoma?
400
These embryological structures develop into the portion of the tongue that has sensation and taste conveyed by CN IX.
What are the 3rd and 4th branchial arches (which form the posterior 1/3 of the tongue)?
400
Second order neurons of the vibration/proprioception pathway ascend contralaterally through this anatomic structure.
What is the medial lemniscus?
400
A person suffered trauma to his skull after a car accident and no longer feels anything on his upper lip and nose. This anatomic opening in the skull was likely fractured.
What is the foramen rotundum?
400
Over the past few years, a patient has been experiencing personality changes and memory loss as well as visual hallucinations. During the physical exam, passive flexion of her arm showed small start-and-stop motions for the entire range of motion. A biopsy of this person's brain would show aggregates of this protein.
What is alpha-synuclein?
500
This primitive reflex can be elicited by stroking along one side of the spine while holding the patient face down. The reflex itself is characterized by flexion of the lower body toward the stimulated side.
What is the galant reflex?
500
You are an OBGYN and learn that your patient has some vitamin deficiencies. Concerned about the baby, you order tests on her amniotic fluid and serum. The results show increased acetylcholinesterase and normal alpha-fetoprotein. The baby will likely show this physical abnormality.
What is a tuft of hair (or skin dimpling) at the level of the bony defect (spina bifida occulta)?
500
A patient was prescribed treatment for an STD but did not take it because he "kept getting the flu from it". Now, he comes in due to shooting pain, deformed foot joints, trouble coordinating movements, and losing his balance whenever he closes his eyes. He likely has this spinal cord lesion.
What is tabes dorsalis?
500
A patient has double vision only when looking to the sides. When he attempts to look left, the right eye does not move past the midline and the left eye shows beating horizontal movements. The same sign presents when looking in the other direction. This patient likely has a lesion in this tract.
What is the medial longitudinal fasciculus?
500
A patient presents with symptoms associated with severe hyponatremia. She is quickly administered a concentrated dose of saline solution. Later, she begins to see double, has difficulty swallowing, and then faints. A lesion in this area of the nervous system is most likely responsible for these symptoms.
What is the pons?
M
e
n
u