Basic Diabetes
What HbA1C level or higher meets the diagnostic criterion for diabetes?
6.5%
Lispro, aspart, and glulisine belong to this class of insulin
Rapid-acting
Blood glucose below 70 mg/dL
hypoglycemia
A TSH above this value is classified as hypothyroid
4 uIU/mL
This autoimmune condition is a common cause of hyperthyroidism
Graves disease
What fasting plasma glucose between these two values indicates prediabetes?
100-125 mg/dL
Glargine, detemir, and degludec belong to this peakless insulin category
long-acting insulin
For Level 1 hypoglycemia, the patient initially consumes this amount of rapid-acting carbohydrate.
15 grams
What is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto thyroiditis
In Graves disease, T3 and T4 increase while this hormone decreases
What are the classic three "poly" symptoms commonly associated with diabetes?
polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
This drug suppresses hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal glucose absorption, and improves insulin sensitivity
metformin
This is the earliest indication of renal damage from diabetic nephropathy
microalbuminuria
This medication is used for thyroid hormone replacement in hypothyroidism.
Levothyroxine
Propranolol may be given in Graves disease primarily to control these two manifestations
Tremor and tachycardia
What test can help distinguish Type 1 from Type 2 diabetes by reflecting endogenous insulin production?
C-peptide
Empagliflozin, canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin belong to this diabetes medication class.
SGLT2 inhibitors
This hyperglycemic emergency typically affects patients with Type 2 diabetes and involves profound dehydration and altered consciousness
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state
A patient taking levothyroxine should generally take it this long before breakfast
30-60 minutes
Proptosis, extraocular muscle paresis, and corneal involvement are included in this mnemonic for Graves eye changes
NO SPECS
What is the acute diabetic complication is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and acidemia?
diabetic ketoacidosis
This class of diabetes medications stimulates insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying.
GLP-1 agonists
This diabetic complication may produce a fixed heart rate of 80–100 beats/min regardless of stress, exercise, or tilting.
cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy/cardiac denervation
This life-threatening complication of severe hypothyroidism involves a hypothermic, stuporous state and respiratory depression
myxedema coma
Fever of 102–105°F, marked tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, agitation, and possible coma suggest this emergency
Thyroid storm