Medications
What is a 24-hour background insulin to control fasting sugar?
Glargine
What is the most common side effect of Meformin?
GI upset/diarrhea
Which gender diagnosed with GDM is more likely to develop Type II diabetes?
Women
What is HHS
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
What is a normal blood sugar range?
70 - 120 mg/dl
What does a GLP-1 medication do?
Helps the pancreas release insulin when sugar is high, slows stomach, reduces appetite
What is the most common unwanted side effect of GLP-1 medication?
Nausea
What ethnicities are more likely to develop Type II diabetes?
African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, Pacific Islander
What is acanthosis nigricans
Dark velvety patches of skin
What is the 3rd central component in the management of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, placing it on the same level as other lifestyle behaviors (e.g., physical activity and nutrition)
Sleep
What does SGLT2 Inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) do?
Makes kidneys spill glucose into urine → lowers sugar, slight diuretic effect
What are the most common unwanted side effects for SGLT2 Inhibitors?
Yeast infections, urinating
What A1C level puts a person at risk for Type II Diabetes?
A1C greater than 5.7
Why does HHS happen
Missed meds/insulin, infection, or steroid medicines
What fluids do we use to manage a client in HHS
0.9% NS → 0.45% NS as ordered
What does Metformin do?
Tells the liver to make less sugar; improves insulin sensitivity
What is the most common side effect of Glargine?
Hypoglycemia
Which abnormal chronic vital signs put someone at risk in developing Type II Diabetes?
Heart rate above 120 BPM
Heart rate below 60 BPM
Blood Pressure below 90/60 mmHg
Blood pressure above 140/90
Blood Pressure above 140/90
What are FreeStyle Libre 2 and 3, Medtronic Gaurdian Connect, and Stelo?
Monitoring Devices
What is the name of a deep, rapid, and labored breathing pattern often associated with metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Kussmaul breathing
Which medication can reduce oral birth control pill absorption?
Tirzepatide (Mounjaro)
What medication provides A1c + weight loss, ASCVD ((Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease) benefits
GLP-1 (e.g., semaglutide, tirzepatide)
Which patient is at a higher risk in developing Type II Diabetes
A client with a family history of Diabetes, Arrhythmias, and Cancer
A client with a family history of Diabetes, HTN, and is of Latin descent
A client who is obese, and has a family history of fibromyalgia and alcohol abuse.
A client who is caucasian, is inactive and has a family history of blindness,
A client with a family history of Diabetes, HTN, and is of Latin descent
What is it called when hormones your body naturally makes in the early morning increase your blood sugar
Dawn Phenomenon
What is the starting dose for Metformin
Start 500 mg daily