Vitamins and Minerals
Which type of vitamin can be stored in the body?
Fat-soluble vitamins
What can overfeeding high fat foods to dogs cause?
Pancreatitis
What is the most common cause of hypertriglyceridemia in a healthy animal?
Postprandial state
The pathogenesis of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) results in which primary issue?
Maldigestion
The amount of a nutrient listed on the food label as a percentage or concentration in the food as fed to the pet, including nutrients AND water, is called what?
As Fed Basis
What does hypovitaminosis C cause in guinea pigs?
Scurvy
Protein deficiency in cats can be caused by non-meat diets and may lead to what?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Which liver enzyme is described in the sources as being fairly liver-specific only in dogs and cats?
ALT
Which laboratory assay mentioned is used to evaluate exocrine pancreatic disease and includes formats like Snap, Spec cPL, and Spec fPL?
Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity (PLI)
Which life stage diet is characterized by high-protein, high-fat, and high-energy content to support rapid growth?
Puppy/kitten
Which vitamins are classified as fat-soluble?
A, D, E, and K
What is the formula provided in the sources for calculating the Resting Energy Requirement (RER) in kcal/day for an animal based on its body weight (BW) in kilograms?
70 x (BW kg)^0.75
Primary or idiopathic hyperlipidemia is noted as a familial condition particularly seen in which breed, associated with a defect in lipoprotein lipase?
Miniature Schnauzer
Clinical signs of EPI include what?
Severe weight loss, voluminous greasy malodorous feces, and ravenous appetite
For adult animals in the "Maintenance" stage recommended diet has what nutritional characteristics?
Moderate calorie content and moderate protein/fat
Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant and supports muscular metabolism?
Vit E
Which supplement is mentioned as a naturally occurring sulfur compound that reduces inflammation and is often used for Musculoskeletal Disease?
MSM (methylsulfonylmethane)
What is the recommended maximum rate of weight loss for obese cats per week to minimize the risk of hepatic lipidosis?
0.5% of body weight
What is the test of choice for diagnosing Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)?
Trypsin-like Immunoreactivity (TLI)
According to AAFCO labeling requirements, which statement indicates that a product contains all nutrients required?
"Complete"
Iodine is a micro mineral essential for what? What happens if there is a deficiency of this mineral?
Thyroid hormone production and regulation of metabolism
Goiter (thyroid enlarged)
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency in cats, often caused by fresh fish diets, leads to neurological signs like ventroflexion, circling, and head tilt. This is because fresh fish contains what?
Thiaminase which destroys thiamine
Leptospirosis, a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira spp., can involve the liver in acute, severe cases. Besides direct injury to hepatocytes by toxins, some serovars can cause severe intravascular hemolytic anemia leading to ischemic necrosis and prehepatic icterus in which zone of the hepatic lobule?
Zone 3 (Centrilobular)
What is the pathogenesis of pancreatitis?
Premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin overwhelms natural inhibitors leading to digestion of pancreatic tissue and release of inflammatory mediators
DOUBLE QUESTION
1-What does the AAFCO "95% Rule" for a product name like "Beef" mean?
2-A product name following the AAFCO "With" Rule, such as "with beef," means what?
1- Beef must constitute 95% of the total product without water or at least 70% of total product weight
2- At least 3% of the total product is made with the ingredient listed