Cardiac A&P
The S2 sound is heard when what valves close?
semilunar valves
What type of drug alters the physiologic renal mechanism to increase urine output?
Diuretics
What are the three types of UEA's approved by the FDA?
Definity
Optison
Lumason
What four images are used for comparison pre and post stress?
Apical 4 chamber
Apical 2 chamber
PLAX
PSAX PAP MUSCLES
How many windows are used for a TEE?
4
What does the "I" stand for in the Van Praagh's orientation?
Inversus
Coumadin is a type of. _________ drug?
antithryombic
What two methods can you use for Contrast Administration?
Bolus or Infusion
How do you calculate WMSI?
Sum of wall motion scores/# of segments
The physician obtains the view of the aortic valve on a TEE what window are they in?
Upper esophagus
Ventricular Depolarization occurs at what part of the ECG?
QRS
Name a drug that is used in Stress Echo?
Regadenoson
Adenosine
Dipyridamole
Dobutmaine
You see swirling of the UEA or "underfilling" of the LV apex. What could you do to fix this?
Reduce mechanical index
Increase administration
Administer more contrast
Adjust transmit focus to LV apex
What would be seen on echo if there is a positive stress test?
New wall motion abnormalities, worsening wall segment motion, Global systolic dysfunction, Increased LVESV and/or LVEDV.
What are some steps to be taken for post-procedural care of the probe?
Enzymatic sponge cleaner
Transport probe in a biohazard container
High level disinfection
Check probe for visible signs of damage
During diastole which valves are closed?
Semilunar
The alternative view that is used if you can't visualize the IVC at the subcostal xiphoid tip?
Right lateral IVC
yes
A patient presents with a walker, they state they use the walker all the time. What type of stress test would be best for this patient?
Exercise with a supine bike or a pharmacological study depending on how long they can exercise for.
How long should patients fast before a TEE?
4-6 hours
What are the two branches of the right coronary artery?
Posterior descending and acute marginal
You are scanning a patient with COPD. Your imaging from the parasternal short axis window is suboptimal. What alternative window could you use to obtain the RVOT?
Subcostal RVOT view
Mechanical Index
What are some non-ischemic reasons to complete a stress test?
Diastolic function, cardiomyopathy, native valve disease
How will you know what temperature the TEE probe is at? And what is the cut off?
Temperature is recorded on the Image and anywhere between 40-45 degree celsius is unsafe