Translation
What does Translation do?
Assembles proteins.
What is transformation?
The process in which something is transferred from one cell to another cell.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid; holds the code to make proteins.
What is DNA replication?
The process of making identical copies of DNA before cell division.
What is transcription?
The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template.
What do ribosomes have to do with Translation?
Ribosomes synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.
Who is Linus Pauling?
Widely known for his incorrect comprehension of the structure of DNA in the 1900s.
What is a biomolecule that stores and transmits genetic information such as DNA?
Nucleic Acid.
What is DNA helicase?
An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA and separates the DNA strands in preparation for DNA replication.
What is initiation?
The binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter in DNA; before this, DNA is unwound.
What is the abbreviation of messenger RNA?
mRNA.
Who is Okazaki?
Japanese scientists who most importantly discovered that DNA polymerase couldn't begin copying a template without an additional substance to kick start the DNA copying.
What is a phosphate group?
A group that covalently bonds to the deoxyribose sugar along the sides.
What is DNA Polymerase?
An enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule.
What is elongation?
RNA polymerase traverses the template strand and uses base pairing complementarity with the DNA template to create an RNA copy.
What happens to mRNA in Translation?
mRNA is decoded in a ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide.
Who was Griffith?
Established that there was some kind of transforming principle that caused inheritance, in his bacteria experiment in 1928. he knew there was info that could somehow be transferred between separate strands of bacteria.
What nitrogenous base connects with Adenine?
Thymine.
What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand?
The leading strand is the strand of DNA that is continuously synthesized into the replication fork, and the lagging strand is the strand that is synthesized away from the replication fork, in fragments using sections called Okazaki fragments.
What is the transcription unit?
A segment of DNA where transcription occurs begins with a start point and ends with a termination point.
What are the three steps of Translation?
initiation, elongation, and termination.
Who were Watson & Crick?
People who were determined to find the structure of DNA.
What nitrogenous base connects with Cytosine?
Guanine.
What are Okazaki fragments?
Small fragments of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication, joined later by DNA ligase to form a complete strand.
What is termination?
In transcription, termination is required to release the newly made RNA from the transcription complex.