Translation
the synthesis of a polypeptide which occurs under the direction of mRNA.
What is translation?
Worked with pneumonia and mice
Who is Fred Griffith?
The 4 bases found in DNA
What are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine?
The first step in DNA replication?
What is 'unzipping' the double helix structure of the DNA molecule with helicase?
The first step in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by an enzyme
What is transcription?
This carries amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
Discovered a substance he called nuclein.
Who is Friedrich Meischer?
These are needed between phosphate and sugar
What are phosphodiester bonds?
This replaces RNA primers on the DNA strand
What is exonuclease?
This joins the hydrogen bonds of two new DNA strands together
What is DNA ligase?
These processes must occur in the nucleus where the DNA in the cell is located.
What is transcription and replication?
Who made the first model of DNA?
Who is James Watson and Francis Crick?
The central dogma of molecular biology says
What is DNA----RNA----Protein by transcription and translation?
Lagging strand adds nucleotides in this direction
What is the 3'-5' direction?
Replicate the DNA strand 5' ACCTATGTG 3'
What is 3' TGGATACAC 5'?
Used radioactive phosphorus & sulfur in bacteriophages to finally prove that DNA is the genetic material.
Who are Hershey and Chase?
Discovered that thymine and adenine always exist in the same amounts in living things.
Who is Erwin Chargaff?
The sequence of DNA that tells RNA polymerase where to start
What is the TATA box/promoter region?
Took numerous X-Rays of DNA crystals to better understand the structure of DNA in the early 1950’s
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
A mRNA sequence has 27 bases, then there are ______ codons
What is 9?
This new polypeptide goes here once it is made
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
Incorrectly guessed DNA was single stranded with 4 bases
Who is Phoebus Levene?
Discovered the “alpha helical” structure of proteins
Who is Linus Pauling?
The space on the ribosome where the first tRNA will join
What is the P-site?
This is used to anchor mRNA during translation.
What is ribosomal RNA?