Shapes
what is it the DNA shape made up of
a shape known as a double helix. which has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.
when was the double Helixes discovered
1950s James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA.
why does replication occur
ensures that each daughter cell gets a copy of the genome, and therefore, successful inheritance of genetic traits.
Interpahse
G1 - 1st growth phase
S - DNA replication
G2 - 2nd growth phase
Genome
The human genome is the set of genes that are found in the nucleus of human somatic cells (body cells).
What is the building block monomer for DNA and what is it made up of
What is a nucleotide! and it is made up from phosphate groups, sugar and Nitrogen base?
who discovered the double helix
, James Watson and Francis Crick
Where is the origin of DNA replication
DNA replication begins at the origin of replication. A replication bubble forms along with replication forks. The replication forks will move in opposite directions.
What is Mitotic Phase
Mitotic Phase (Mitosis & Cytokinesis)
Mitosis (dividing DNA that was replicated in S phase)
Cytokinesis (separating out organelles and cytoplasm into two new cells)
In nearly every cell, humans have
46 chromosomes
30,000 genes
Over 3 billion nucleotides
hydrogen bonds hold them together and there are 3 hydrogen bonds for the C ( cytosine ) and G (guanine) and 2 bonds for the A (adenine) and T (thymine) DNA strands.
who took the x-ray of the structure of DNA
Rosalind Franklin
what is DNA Helicase
catalyze the disruption of the hydrogen bonds that hold the two strands of double-stranded DNA together
What do Daughter Cells do
Newly formed “daughter cells” will then likely enter into their own cell cycle. Some cells, like nerve cells, may actually go into G0 instead.
Chromatin vs. Chromosomes
DNA is usually in loose chromatin form but condenses into chromosomes at the beginning of mitosis.
What are the Purines and what Pyrimidines do they bond with
what is adenine and guanine. They bond with cytosine and thymine
why was this important
it was a scientific brake through for humanity
what is DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase joins nucleotides to create the new strands of DNA. The original strands act as templates. The base pairing rules continue to be followed.
DNA - Genes - Chromosomes
A chromosome is a condensed strand of DNA.
A section of DNA is called a gene.
Chromatin
Loose DNA found in interphase
Genetic code can be more easily read to guide cell processes
what are the Nitrogenous bases
adenine cytosine guanine thymine
What is DNA
DNA the strands what make up or gentice information
what is Semiconservative Replication
Resulting double helix consists of one strand of original DNA and one strand of new DNA.
What does the ATGC do
The order of ATGC in a gene codes for a specific protein. These proteins keep the organism functioning.
Chromosomes
Tightly condensed DNA formed at the beginning of mitosis
DNA instruction not read in this form
Easier to neatly separate during cell division