Structure
The type of sugar present in DNA.
What is deoxyribose?
The enzyme that unzips and separates the two strands of the DNA double helix.
What is helicase?
The type bonds that occur between the two strands and involve a base from one strand with a base from the second in complementary pairing.
What are hydrogen bonds?
They were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962 for discovering the structure DNA.
Who are Watson and Crick?
Substances that are comprised of only one type of atom.
What are elements?
A sub-unit comprised of a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base.
What is a nucleotide?
The enzyme that unwinds DNA.
What is topoisomerase?
The complimentary base to thymine.
What is adenine?
The percentage of genes that humans have in common with chimpanzees.
What is 99.1%?
Large molecules that are derived from living cells or organisms, containing hydrogen, oxygen and carbon.
What are organic compounds?
Small proteins around which DNA is wrapped to form chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.
What are histones?
The enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers, which serve as starting points for DNA synthesis.
What is primase?
The complementary strand to TTAGCGA.
What is AATCGCT?
The term used to describe the 'twisted ladder' structure of DNA.
What is a double helix?
The smallest units (monomers) of proteins.
What are amino acids?
Two identical molecules produced as a result of DNA replication, held together at the centromere.
What are chromatids?
The enzyme that catalyses the production of a new DNA strand during replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
What is 5' to 3'?
A composite picture of the complete set of chromosomes in an individual organism, including their sizes, numbers, and shapes.
What is a karyotype?
The single-stranded macromolecule that contains uracil bases, responsible for protein synthesis.
What is RNA?
A region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome that protects the ends of chromosomes from becoming frayed or tangled.
What are telomeres?
The enzyme that joins one fragment of DNA to another.
What is DNA ligase?
A unique sequence of bases on a specific section of DNA that codes for a particular protein.
What is a gene?
The process where two strands of DNA unzip, and a new strand is assembled onto each 'conserved' strand. The replicated DNA consists of one old strand and one newly synthesised strand.
What is semi-conservative replication?
A large group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose.
What are carbohydrates?