STRUCTURE
shape?
double helix
why does it happen?
DNA must be accurately copied when cells divide due to growth or cell replacement
this enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases
HELICASE
The phase where spindle fibers form and chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes
Prophase
This structure holds the sister chromatids together until they are pulled apart during cell division
Centromere
Unabbreviated?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What type of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together?
hydrogen bonds
this enzyme joins nucleotides to create the new strands of DNA.
DNA polymerase III
The cell splits into 2 daughter cells in this phase
Cytokinesis
True or false - All mammals have the same number of chromosomes?
False
true
What type of bonds hold the sugar to the phosphate in the backbone?
Covalent
This enzyme joins DNA fragments together
ligase
The cell spends most of its time in this phase
Interphase
Section of DNA that codes for a protein
Gene
what is the backbone made up of?
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
Replication takes place in what organelle?
Nucleus
Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading the new DNA strand?
DNA Polymerase I
The Cell copies DNA in preparation for cell division in this phase
S - Synthesis phase
How many pairs of chromosomes are in a human somatic cell?
23
What are the 4 Nitrogenous bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
What is the first step in replication?
Unwind the DNA
During anaphase these structures pull apart the sister chromatids towards opposite poles of the cell
Spindle fibers
In this phase the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
Metaphase
What gender is a human with an XX chromosome ?
Female