DNA Replication
Which enzyme untwists the DNA strands?
Topoisomerase
What happens in the G0 phase?
Cell does it job- contributes to the body
How many cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
2
What happens during transcription?
RNA Polymerase II makes the complementary mRNA strand
What is the promoter?
Starting block for RNA polymerase
In which direction can DNA polymerase III build the nucleotides?
5' to 3'
Which phases make up interphase?
G1, S, G2
What cells are produced after meiosis?
Specialized cells (gametes) egg or sperm cells
Which molecule physically builds the protein chain?
What has the "switch" to lock or unlock the gene
The molecule attaching or detaching from the repressor molecule
The parental strand goes from 5' to 3' will the daughter be leading or lagging?
Lagging
Name the two ways cells use to know when to stop dividing
1. Contact inhibition
2. Anchorage dependence
What produces genetic variation during prophase I?
Crossing over
Why are proteins needed in the body?
They act as enzymes, catalysts for chemical reactions that are need for the body, repairing tissue, hormone production, supports the immune system
What are the operons that are usually turned off?
Inducible operons
The gaps that are filled on the lagging strand by ligase are called what?
Okazaki Fragments
What happens to human cells that cause cancer?
The cells divide uncontrollably, they lack apoptosis, anchorage dependence and contact inhibition
Which organisms use mitosis to reproduce?
Bacteria
Describe how the anticodon moves from the arrival, principal and exit site
The ribosome moves
When the repressor needs to lock what happens to the repressor?
The molecule will bind to the repressor making it lock on the operator
If there are few single stranded binding proteins what will happen to the DNA strands?
The two strands will join back together
What happens during the checkpoint for G1
Does the cell have enough resources?
Is the DNA damaged?
Is it growing well enough?
What is the difference between metaphase I and metaphase II?
Metaphase I homologous chromosomes are paired up as a tetrad
Metaphase II sister chromosomes are in a straight line (no pairs)
What are introns?
Non functional nucleotides
Why is it useful to unlock all the genes on the operon at the same time?
Less energy is used, adapt quicker to change