Vocabulary
The molecule that carries the genetic instructions for all living things.
DNA
Where in the cell is DNA found?
in the nucleus
True or False? All living things have the same number of chromosomes.
False
How many nucleotides make up DNA?
4
Code the opposite strand for the following. CATG
GTAC
A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein, which determines a trait.
genes
What does DNA do?
A. Stores genetic information.
B. Determines inherited traits.
C. Tells cells how to work.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
What special protein does DNA wrap around to form chromosomes?
histones
T
This word is used to describe DNA and means that the two strands of DNA run in opposite directions.
antiparallel
This word means that something is passed from parents to offspring.
hereditary
How many strands make up DNA?
2
How many pairs of chromosomes does the average human have?
23 pairs
C pairs with ____.
G
What do we call a complete set of genes?
genome
The basic building block of DNA and RNA and consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
nucleotide
True or false? DNA is composed of amino acids.
False. DNA is composed of nucleotides.
At conception (when a sperm cell combines with an egg cell), how many chromosomes do you get from each parent?
23
Small differences in the __________ of the bases in our genes make each person unique.
sequence/order
Who is known as the father of modern genetics?
Gregor Mendel
A tightly coiled structure of DNA and proteins that carries genes.
chromosome
DNA is shaped like a twisted ladder. What do we call that shape? _____________ - ________________
double-helix
What is the result if changes occur to the number and/or structure of chromosomes?
mutations
What are the four nucleotides that make up DNA called? (Not just the letters!)
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)
This laboratory technique provides a full snapshot of an individual’s chromosomes, helping in the diagnosis and understanding of genetic conditions.
karyotype