Bases & Organism Types
An organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is a prokaryote?
The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself.
What is replication?
A group of three bases that the DNA reads together.
What is a codon?
Proteins that can change the rates of specific reactions.
What are enzymes?
The carrier of genetic information present in nearly all organisms; forms a double helix.
What is DNA?
An organism whose cells contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What is a eukaryote?
A random change in the DNA sequence of a chromosome.
What is mutation?
A molecule consisting of a message made of RNA that has been based on the DNA. It leaves the nucleus into the cytoplasm where it attaches to a ribosome.
What is mRNA?
A molecule containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, and a side chain that is specific to each type of this molecule.
What is an amino acid?
Segments of DNA that code for protein or functional RNA.
What are genes?
A four-letter code for the genetic information in DNA.
What is adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C)?
Any substance that causes a random change in the DNA sequence of a gene.
What is a mutagen?
A single-stranded nucleic acid that contains uracil instead of thymine; can make transport, messenger, and ribosomal versions of itself.
What is RNA?
A member of a diverse group of biomolecules that are hydrophobic and includes fats, oils, waxes, and other molecules.
What is a lipid?
The complete set of genes or genetic material in a cell or organism.
What is a genome?
A pryimidine base that pairs with adenine and is only found in RNA.
What is uracil?
The phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle in which a single cell divides into two cells.
What is mitosis?
The building of a protein through a chain of amino acids that were brought in specific sequences based off the coding of the mRNA.
What is translation?
A biomolecule that contains hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio and that is used as a primary energy source and structural support.
What is a carbohydrate?
The primary physical shape of double-stranded DNA molecules.
What is a double helix?
A pair of nucleotides found in one or more nucleic acid strands that are attracted together through hydrogen bonding.
What is a base pair?
The process by which cells grow and divide to produce more cells.
What is the cell cycle?
DNA is copied into a message by RNA, occurring in the nucleus. An enzyme named RNA Polymerase connects RNA bases to the DNA, forming single-stranded RNA.
What is transcription?
A biomolecule made of one or more amino acid polymers joined together by peptide bonds and then folded into a complex structure that performs a specific function.
What is a protein?
A molecule made of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base; the monomer of nucleic acid.
What is a nucleotide?