DNA Structure and Function
the molecule where the genetic material in cells is stored
what is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?
when two strands of DNA "unzip" and the bases on each side are used as a pattern for a new strand of DNA
what is replication?
what is a genetic disorder?
the use and application of living things and biological processes
what is biotechnology?
a double helix
what is the shape of DNA?
changes in the number, type, or order of bases on a piece of DNA
what are mutations?
physical or chemical agents that can damage DNA
what are mutagens?
artificial selection, genetic engineering, and cloning
what are three applications of biotechnology?
alternating sugars and prosphate groups
what is the backbone of DNA made of?
when a base is left out
what is deletion?
mRNA (messenger), rRNA (ribosomal), and tRNA (transfer)
what are the three types of RNA?
the process of selecting and breeding organisms that have certain desired traits
what is artificial selection?
a base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
what is a nucleotide?
when an extra base is added
what is insertion?
when a segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase
what is transcription?
the process in which a piece of DNA is modified for use in research, medicine, agriculture, or industry
what is genetic engineering?
apple (a) in the tree (t), and car (c) in the garage (g)
what is the mnemonic device for remembering complementary bases?
when one base replaces another
what is substitution?
the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of DNA to RNA
what is translation?
an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to the one from which it was derived
what is a clone?