Cell Cycle
What happens during G1?
Cells grow
How many cells does mitosis end with?
2
What stores genetic information in a cell?
DNA
Name the 3 enzymes involved in DNA replication.
Helicase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase
Which scientists were the first to describe the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
The cell makes an extra copy of its DNA during which phase of interphase?
S phase
After mitosis, the number of chromosomes in each of the 2 new cells is (pick one):
a. Equal to the number in the original cell
b. Half the number in the original cell
a. Equal to the number in the original cell
Cytosine pairs with _____________
Guanine
Which enzyme unwinds the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds that hold the bases together?
Helicase
Which tumor is worse: benign or malignant?
Malignant
What is the correct order for the steps of interphase?
G1, S, G2
1. Growth and development of an organism
2. Replace/repair old/damaged cells
What are the 3 things that make up a nucleotide?
1. Deoxyribose sugar
2. Phosphate group
3. Nitrogen-containing base
During DNA replication, each strange of DNA serves as a _______________ for a new strand.
Template
The uncontrolled division of cells is called what?
Cancer
What is the correct order for the stages of mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Explain what the spindle fibers do during anaphase.
Spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart and move them toward the centrioles
What are the weak bonds that hold the nitrogen bases together?
Hydrogen bonds
What would the new strand of DNA be after replication?
AAG CTG CAT
TTC GAC GTA
What causes cancer?
What is it called when the cytoplasm completely divides and there are 2 daughter cells?
Cytokinesis
Draw what the cell looks like during metaphase
Chromosomes lined up in middle and spindle fibers attached
DNA can be around 2 meters long, so how does it fit into our cells?
It is coiled up and made into a chromosome
Explain what DNA ligase does during DNA replication.
Sticks the newly made DNA fragments together to form a complete strand of DNA
X shape, centromere in middle and 2 chromatids labeled