DNA
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
What does meiosis do?
Meiosis makes sperm and egg cells
What does mitosis result in?
Two identical daughter cells
What does inheritance mean?
Heredity is the passing of physical and mental characteristics from one generation to another through genes.
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are and entire string of DNA, along with a group of stabilizing proteins
shape of DNA
double helix
Where can DNA be found?
DNA may be found in the cell nucleus
What is the general name of the cells produced during meiosis?
Gametes are produced during meiosis
What is mitosis used for?
To grow and replace damaged cells
What does a gene code for?
Instructions for making proteins
If one strand of DNA has a base sequence of GTTAGC what is its complementary strand?
CAATCG
gene
a section of a chromosome which codes for a protein
What are the four chemical bases?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
What does meiosis result in?
Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells that aren't identical.
What happens during interphase?
The cell carries out its normal jobs and does not divide.
How many chromosomes do you get from each of your parents?
From your parents, you get 23 chromosomes
(46 in total)
What is a genotype?
The types of genes which are present on the chromosomes
homologous chromosome
a pair of chromosomes with the same genes, one from mother and one from father
What are the three basic steps of DNA replication?
1. Opening of the double helix and seperating of the DNA strands
2. Priming of the template strand
3. Assembling the new DNA segment
What are the names of the stages of meiosis?
2x PMAT
What are the names of the 4 stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
Traits and characteristics are passed from one generation to another through ___?
Genes
If a person inherits one dominant gene from one parent, and a recessive gene from the other, what phenotype will they display?
The dominant phenotype
allele
different forms of the same gene
What instructions does DNA contain?
DNA has the instructions for and organism to develop, survive, and reproduce and create proteins
Why is meiosis used to produce sperm and egg cells?
It results in a haploid number of chromosomes (23) so that when the sperm and egg fuse, they result in 23 PAIRS
What happens during the four stages of mitosis?
Prophase - chromosomes double
Metaphase - chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase - chromosomes are pulled away from each other to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase - two new nuclei are formed in 2 new cells
What are 5 examples of characteristics that can be inherited ?
Ex: Eye color, skin tone, dominant hand, blood type, height, hair color, freckles, and more
What is the backbone of DNA made of?
phosphate and sugar
phenotype
the physical characteristics of a living thing determined by the genotype