DNA Structure and Bonds
DNA has this twisted-ladder shape.
What is a double helix?
During transcription, a DNA adenine pairs with this RNA base instead of thymine.
What is uracil?
This cellular structure is where proteins are assembled.
What is a ribosome?
A ribosome reads mRNA in groups containing this many nucleotides.
What is three?
This DNA base pairs with T.
What is A, or adenine?
In human cells, most DNA is housed in this organelle, where transcription occurs.
What is the nucleus?
In DNA, adenine pairs with this base, while cytosine pairs with this other base.
What are thymine and guanine?
Unlike double-stranded DNA, RNA usually has this number of strands.
What is one?
This process uses an mRNA message to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide.
What is translation?
This is the name for one three-nucleotide group in mRNA.
What is a codon?
This RNA base pairs with a DNA G during transcription.
What is C, or cytosine?
Ribosomes attached to this membrane network make many proteins destined for secretion or membranes.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
These bonds hold complementary bases together across DNA’s two strands.
What are hydrogen bonds?
This type of RNA carries a gene’s protein-building message to a ribosome.
What is messenger RNA, or mRNA?
This process copies genetic information from DNA into RNA.
What is transcription?
An amino-acid-specifying codon calls for one of these protein building blocks.
What is an amino acid?
This process makes a copy of DNA using the original strands as templates.
What is replication?
After a polypeptide is assembled in the rough ER, it goes here for further processing and sorting.
Along a DNA strand, nucleotides are connected by a _______-_________ chain.
What is a sugar-phosphate chain?
After processing, mRNA leaves the nucleus through these openings in the nuclear envelope.
What are nuclear pores?
mRNA codes for this.
What is a polypeptide?
If there are 574 amino acids in hemoglobin, this many amino-acid-specifying codons are needed.
What are 574 codons?
This is the complementary DNA sequence for A C G T T A G C C G A T.
What is T G C A A T C G G C T A?
This RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What is transfer RNA, or tRNA?
A chromosome consists of a long DNA molecule wrapped around these supporting proteins.
What are histones?
During transcription, this molecule is the template for building a complementary RNA strand.
What is DNA?
Polypeptides combine to make these.
What is a protein?
Those 574 codons contain ow many RNA nucleotides—excluding stop signals and noncoding regions.
What are 1,722?
This is the complementary RNA sequence for the DNA template A C G T T A G C C G A T.
What is U G C A A U C G G C U A?
Unlike humans, plants can do this to obtain all 20 standard amino acids needed to build their proteins.
What is synthesize all 20 amino acids themselves?