DNA and Protein Synthesis Jeopardy

Category 1

100

Organelle where genetic material is stored

Nucleus

150

What is the basic monomer (building block) of nucleic acids?

nucleotides

200

Name the three specific components that make up every DNA nucleotide.

phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar (pentose), and a nitrogenous base

250

Unlike the coding strand, the DNA template strand used by RNA polymerase during transcription always runs in this specific prime directional orientation

3' to 5'

300

The number of individual nucleotides were required to code for a chain of 150 amino acids?

450

Category 2

100

In the protein synthesis baking analogy, what biological molecule represents the "original recipe"?

DNA

150

Which type of RNA carries the short copy of genetic instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome?

mRNA

200

The four major types of macromolecules that serve as the "building blocks of life"

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

250

Which type of RNA carries and attaches amino acids together during protein assembly?

tRNA

300

This specific type of point mutation occurs when an original mRNA codon 5'- AUA - 3' is altered to 5'- AUG - 3', changing a single amino acid from Isoleucine to Methionine.

Missense mutation

Category 3

100

In mRNA, which nitrogenous base replaces Thymine (T)?

Uracil

150

Organelle where protein synthesis occurs

Ribosome

200

Name of the strand of DNA that is usually transcribed into mRNA

template strand

250

The mRNA sequence for the following DNA strand:

3'- ACTCGATCGTAT - 5'

5' - UGAGCUAGCAUA - 3"

300

The reason why having access to mRNA "photocopies" advantageous for a cell compared to using the original DNA directly

It protects the original DNA from damage while allowing the cell to edit messages and manufacture multiple proteins simultaneously

Category 4

100

What is the general definition of a DNA mutation?

What is a change in the DNA base sequence?

150

Which type of point mutation changes a single nucleotide, resulting in a STOP codon?

nonsense mutation

200

Which type of point mutation alters a single base but still codes for the exact same original amino acid?

silent mutation

250

The mutations that are categorized as frameshift mutations

insertion and deletion

300

Any of the three mRNA STOP codon sequences listed in the genetic code.

UAA, UAG, or UGA