DNA Structure
The monomer of a DNA molecule is called a _________.
Nucleotide
DNA replication is called ____________, meaning that there is one old strand and one new strand each time a new DNA molecule is made.
semiconservative
RNA is a _______ stranded molecule.
single
Where in the cell does transcription occur?
nucleus
TRUE or FALSE: RNA immediately leaves for a ribosome once it is done being transcribed.
FALSE
The four nitrogenous bases of DNA are (the full name, not just a letter):
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
What enzyme is involved in "unzipping" the DNA strands?
helicase
What nitrogenous base does RNA have that DNA does not (the whole name not just the letter)?
Uracil
RNA polymerase binds to a promoter during which step of transcription?
initiation
3' end
DNA strands run _________ (meaning they go in opposite directions).
antiparallel
When adding new bases to a DNA molecule, A always bonds to _____ and C always bonds to _____ in a process called complimentary base pairing.
T / G
RNA is made in the _______.
nucleus
Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing between DNA bases (on the left) and RNA bases (on the right)?
1: Cytosine to Guanine
2: Thymine to Adenine
3: Guanine to Cytosine
4: Adenine to Thymine
4: Adenine to Thymine
(In RNA there is no Thymine)
______ are chunks of mRNA that have to be removed and contain no information on how to build a protein.
Introns
5' and 3' refer to what part of a DNA molecule?
The carbons in the sugar
The new DNA strand made in the opposite direction of the opening ("unzipping") of the DNA molecule is called the _______ strand.
lagging
An RNA nucleotide is made up of what three parts?
ribose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group
Which step of transcription is it when RNA polymerase uses the DNA as a template to build a new strand of RNA?
Elongation
What is the function of the Cap and Tail on an mRNA molecule?
to prevent the mRNA from being degraded in the cytoplasm before it can be used to make a protein
What is the name of the sugar found in DNA and how is it different than the sugar found in RNA?
deoxyribose / it lacks an oxygen molecule at carbon #2
This enzyme adds bases to the newly made strands of DNA.
DNA Polymerase
Name the three majors types of RNA that are needed to make a protein?
tRNA, mRNA, rRNA (transfer, messenger, ribosomal)
What is needed for the RNA polymerase to know when to stop transcribing a new RNA strand?
a terminator sequence
If a DNA strand has the following bases: ACCGTAAG, what would the bases on the RNA strand be?
UGGCAUUC