DNA Structure
What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?
What are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G)?
What base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
What is uracil (U)?
What is the term for the complete set of genes in an organism?
What is the genome?
Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA during which phase?
What is the S phase (Synthesis phase)?
What is a change in the DNA sequence called?
What is a mutation?
What type of bond connects A to T and C to G in DNA?
What is a hydrogen bond?
What type of RNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
How many genes does the human genome approximately contain?
What is 20,000?
What are the identical copies of a chromosome called after replication?
What are sister chromatids?
Which type of mutation may have no effect on the organism?
What is a silent mutation?
What is the shape of a DNA molecule?
What is a double helix?
What is the process called when DNA is copied into mRNA?
What is transcription?
True or False: All genes are active in every cell of the body.
What is false?
Which enzyme is responsible for adding complementary nucleotides during DNA replication?
What is DNA polymerase?
What environmental factors can cause mutations?
What are radiation, chemicals, and viruses?
What is the sugar found in DNA nucleotides?
What is deoxyribose?
What organelle is responsible for reading the mRNA and assembling proteins?
What is the ribosome?
What process involves mRNA being used to assemble a protein?
What is translation?
During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?
What is the M phase (Mitotic phase)?
DNA polymerase can correct most replication errors, but what term refers to the system that repairs DNA?
What is the DNA Damage Response (DDR)?
Which base pairs with guanine (G) in DNA?
What is cytosine (C)?
What is the three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that pairs with the mRNA codon?
What is an anticodon?
What is the law that states one strand of DNA determines the base sequence of the other?
What is the law of complementary base pairing?
What structure holds sister chromatids together?
What is the centromere?
What can happen if a mutation occurs in a gene regulating cell division?
What is cancer?