DNA/RNA
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Odds N Ends
100
This is the monomer of a nucleic acid
nucleotide
100
This is what happens during DNA replication
One DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules
100
This is where transcription happens
in the nucleus of the cell
100
This is where translation happens
in the cytoplasm (cytosol) of the cell
100
This is the structure formed when DNA is condensed
chromosome
200
These are the three parts of a nucleotide
5-carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base/nucleobase
200
This is the reason for DNA replication
to make a copy of the original DNA molecule so that when a cell divides in two, each of the two cells receives a copy of DNA
200
Overall, this is what happens during transcription
A sequence of DNA (gene) is copied into a sequence of mRNA
200
Overall, this is what happens during translation
a sequence of mRNA is used to guide the production of a sequence of amino acids that form into a polypeptide (protein)
200
This is a sequence of DNA that gives the instructions for a specific protein
gene
300
This is DNA's structure
double-stranded, helix
300
These are the four nitrogenous bases of RNA nucleotides and their pairing
A (adenine)
C (cytosine)
T (thymine)
G (guanine)
A-T, C-G
300
This is the complementary order of mRNA nitrogenous bases for the strand of DNA that it is made from: AGCTAG
UCGAUC
300
This is the first step of translation
initiation
a ribosome combines with a strand of mRNA and the process starts with a "start" codon (UAG)
300
These is the three nucleotides of an mRNA molecule that correspond to an amino acid (which is attached to a tRNA)
codon
400
These are the four nitrogenous bases of RNA nucleotides and their pairing
A (adenine)
C (cytosine)
U (uracil)
G (guanine)
A-U, C-G
400
This is the complementary order of DNA nitrogenous bases for AGCTAG
TCGATC
400
These two steps come before DNA is copied into mRNA
1) the DNA helix is untwisted
2) the two strands of the DNA molecule are separated
400
This is the order of amino acids corresponding to the following mRNA sequence: UAG CCG AAU GUA UAG
Methionine - Proline - Asparagine - Valine [stop]
400
This is the specific cellular structure in (or on) which translation takes place
ribosome (large and small subunits)
500
This enzyme is responsible for "untwisting" the DNA molecule before it is copied or transcribed.
helicase
500
This is an example of an error that might occur during DNA replication
The wrong nucleotide with the incorrect nitrogenous base pair is matched with the original strand of DNA during replication
500
This is what happens once the strand of mRNA is copied from the DNA
1) the mRNA strand detaches and moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm
2) the DNA molecule returns to its original form
500
This is a description of the elongation process that occurs during translation
For each three mRNA nucleotides (codon) a corresponding tRNA molecule and its associated amino acid (with a matching anticodon) bonds.
The ribosome moves from one codon to the next and new tRNA molecules (and their amino acids) are brought in one-by-one.
As each individual tRNA is put it place, its amino acid bonds with the previous amino acid and so on.
500
This part of the nucleotide molecule makes up the "side" of the DNA or RNA molecule
5-carbon sugar and phosphate (often called the sugar-phosphate backbone)