DNA
Where is DNA located?
In the nucleus.
Where is RNA located?
Made in the nucleus and gets out into the cytoplasm.
What is DNA Replication?
Copying of DNA in chromosomes so it can be transferred to a new cell after it is divided.
Why is transcription necessary? Why can't we just send DNA to the proteins for translation?
DNA is too large and important to leave the nucleus.
What is the name of the organelle that translates the mRNA?
Ribosome
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA? What do they match with?
Adenine --> Thymine
Thymine --> Adenine
Guanine --> Cytosine
Cytonsine --> Guanine
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases in RNA? What do they match with?
Adenine --> Uracil
Thymine --> Adenine
Cytosine --> Guanine
Guanine --> Cytosine
Are the new strands of DNA made after DNA replication identical?
Yes!
What is the name of the 3 letter groups of nucleotides?
Codons
What are the two things that tRNA carries?
Anti-codons and amino acids.
What is the function of DNA?
Instructions for making all of the proteins in an organism. It is also responsible for variation among organisms.
What is the function of RNA?
It acts as a messenger for DNA because DNA cannot leave the nucleus. It helps to make proteins.
What is the name of the enzyme that "unzips" DNA?
Helicase
What is the name of the molecule that results from transcription?
mRNA
How many combinations are there for codons? How many amino acids are there?
64 - codons
20 - amino acids
What is the structure of DNA?
Double Helix
Phosphate
Deoxyribose (sugar)
Nitrogenous Base
What is the structure of RNA
Single strand
Phosphate
Ribose (sugar)
Nitrogenous Base
What is the name of the enzyme that places complimentary base pairs on the open DNA and proofreads the new DNA strand?
DNA Polymerase
Where does mRNA go after is completed transcription?
Out of the nucleus, into the cytoplasm, and towards the ribosomes.
How does a translator work?
It reads a start codon and tRNA continue's to bring more anticodons until it sees a stop codon. Each tRNA has an amino acid that connects to the previous one to form a long strand of proteins.
What holds together DNA nucleotides?
Hydrogen bonds
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA - Messenger RNA
rRNA - Ribosomal RNA
tRNA - Transfer RNA
What are all of the steps of DNA replication?
Helicase unwinds the DNA (breaks it's hydrogen bonds)
DNA polymerase places complimentary pairs to create new DNA strands
DNA polymerase proofreads to make sure everything is correct
What are all of the steps for Transcription?
DNA is unzipped by RNA polymerase which matches loose nucleotides with free DNA nitrogen bases. This builds an mRNA strand that then leaves the nucleus and heads towards the ribosomes.
What are all of the steps for Translation?
mRNA arrives at the ribosome. The ribosomes read ever 3 base pairs (codons) and signals for tRNA to attach and bring its amino acids. The mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon pair together so the amino acid can be added to the protein chain.