Cells
During which phase is DNA replicated?
S-Phase
What determines the function of cells?
The genes which are active in the cell.
What best summarizes the role of DNA in the synthesis of proteins?
DNA contains the instructions to build proteins.
What is the monomer for nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
Which organelle builds proteins?
Ribosomes
During which phase does the cell spend most of its life?
Interphase
Where does transcription take place?
The nucleus
Where is DNA contained?
The nucleus.
What shape is DNA?
Double-helix
Which occurs first, transcription or translation?
Transcription
During which phase are the chromosomes pulled apart?
Anaphase
What is the sequence of RNA that will be produced from this sequence of DNA:
TAG AAT GGC CTA
AUC UUA CCG GAU
What are the DNA base pairs?
A-T
G-C
How many strands does RNA have?
1 strand
Describe the function of the following RNA molecules: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.
mRNA- messenger RNA carries the instructions contained in DNA to the ribosome
tRNA- transfer RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome
rRNA- ribosomal RNA makes up the primary structure of the ribosome.
The cell membrane pinches off in animal cells, while the cell plate is formed in plant cells.
What is the difference between the DNA of a mosquito and the DNA of a lion?
The sequence of nucleotides
What are the base pairs in RNA?
A-U
G-C
What carries the instructions for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome?
The sequence of nucleotide bases in mRNA
Can you use a codon chart to build amino acid chains?
Let's try one.
What is the difference in cell types produced by mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis produces somatic cells, while meiosis produces gametes.
Why does replication have to take place before mitosis?
To maintain the same number of chromosomes in the daughter cells as there are in the parent cells.
What does tRNA do?
tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome, so that they can be used to build proteins.
What effect could a mutation in mRNA have on proteins?
The protein will have a different shape, and thus, a different function.
Describe transcription and translation.
Transcription is the process by which the instructions coded in DNA are used to build a molecule of RNA. Translation is the process by which a ribosome uses the instructions in mRNA to build proteins.