Cell Cycle
how many steps are in the cell cycle?
5
How many nitrogenous bases are their, and what are they
adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G
In what step of the cell cycle does DNA replicate
S phase
in what direction do the leading and lagging strands build from.
they both build from 5 --> 3 \, however the lagging strand must build in fragments.
name one example of a high specialzied cell, that does not continue in the cell cycle a sother cells do?
nerve cells
what is included in the interphase step of the cell cycle
G1, S, G2
what is DNA's full name?
deoxyribonucleic acid
true or false: the parent strands don't split, but rather create a whole new DNA
FALSE
what does polymerase do?
polymerase joins nucleotides to create the new strands of DNA.
what are somatic cells?
Somatic cells - body cells (not reproductive cells like eggs and sperm)
what is the difference between cytokinesis in animal cells vs plant cells
plant cells: Cell plate forms
Animal cells: Cytoskeleton fibers pinch inward and form a cleavage furrow
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
phosphate head, ribose sugar, and a nitrogen base
where do replication bubles form
A replication bubble forms along with replication forks.
complete this DNA strand with its other half
A C G A A T G C G T T G A A C A
T G C T T A C G C A A C T T G T
what is the difference between chromosomes and chromatin.
chromosomes are condensed whereas chromatin is loose.
where are the check points in the cell cycle.
at the end of G1, at the end of G2, and in between mitosis and cytokinesis.
list the purines and pyrimidines
Purines: A G
Pyrimidines: T C
what is the job of Helicase enzymes
DNA helicase enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.
This opens up the DNA so that new strands can be made.
If a strand of DNA is 15% A what percent is C?
35%
a section of DNA is called
a gene
What are the steps of mitosis
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
A and T have how many hydrogen bonds between them?
3
lagging strands are built in segments called...
Okazaki fragments
what does DNA ligase do?
joins Okazaki fragments
what are sister chromatid, and what connects two together, and what does this create.
sister chromatid are two identical chromosomes, they are connected together by a centromere to create a homologous chromosome.