Vocab
What are nucleotides?
A long molecule that is made up of units in DNA
What are the four bases in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
How many steps does Transcription have?
3 steps
The three bases or codon translates to what?
One amino acid
What is nucleoplasm? Where is it found?
Nucleoplasm is a fluid of the nucleus and found in the nucleus.
What is a helicase and what does it do during replication?
Protein or enzyme that is very important for DNA replication because they separate double-stranded DNA into single strands, allowing each strand to be copied
Which strand of DNA is copied faster, the lead or lag strand?
The lead strand
True or False- Transcription requires RNA in order to produce?
True
True or False- Amino acids make us up and are part of our diet
True
What are the base pairs of a DNA molecule?
Adenine with Thymine and Cytosine with Guanine
What is an enzyme?
Proteins that help speed up metabolism in the body
What is the sugar found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
Messenger RNA or mRNA
What prevents mutations during Translation?
Most amino acids have more than one codon which prevents mutations
What replaces the base Thymine in mRNA?
Uracil
What is a codon?
Three consecutive nucleotides in DNA or RNA
How many steps are in the replication process?
9-10 steps
Once mRNA is transcribed, what does it go find in order to be translated to a protein?
A Ribosome
What is the end result of Translation?
A protein/chain of amino acids is built. This is based on the messenger RNA and happens mostly because of the DNA, RNA just aids in the process
How many amino acids are there?
20 amino acids
What is chromatin?
Mixture of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes
Name at least 5 steps of DNA replication
1. DNA strand is visible
2. Starts with a leading strand
3.Helicase will attach to DNA and unzip the strand
4. DNA binding proteins that will attach to each strand
5.Primase will attach to RNA primer in order to prepare
6.DNA polymerase attaches to the primer, to then build a new strand of DNA and pull up other nucleotides from nucleoplasm
7. Primer is removed and replaced by nucleotides to complete the DNA strand
8. Lag strand synthesis occurs- primer attaches in seperate locations on the lag strand for replication
9. DNA polymerase attaches to one of the primers to begin replication of segment fragments
Name the three steps of Transcription
1-Gene gets unzipped by helicase
2-RNAa polymerase creates mRNA
3-mRNA travels out of the nucleic membrane to Ribosomes, to then make proteins
Genetic code has __ start codon and __ stop codons. Genetic code is universal to what?
1 start, 3 stop, and is universal to all living things
DNA- 5-carbon sugar, sugar is deoxyribose, 4 nitrogenous bases, double-stranded molecule
RNA- 5-carbon sugar, sugar is ribose, 4 nitrogenous bases, single-stranded molecule