DNA
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What are the stages of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What does it mean to replicate?
Growth phase 1, Synthesis, Growth phase 2.
Define (in your own words) what asexual reproduction is.
A type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
What shape is DNA?
A double helix, or twisted ladder.
What grow inside the cell to help split the sister chromatids?
Spindle fibres.
What is contact inhibition?
Cells can sense when an area becomes too crowded and will stop dividing.
What happens during "S" stage?
The cell makes a complete copy of the DNA.
Name and describe a form of asexual reproduction that starts with a "B."
Binary Fission - single-celled organism (e.g., bacteria) divides into two equal parts.
OR
Budding - new organism develops as an outgrowth (bud) of the parent.
What is a segment of DNA called?
A gene.
What is the difference between telophase and cytokinesis?
Telophase has two nuclei, but still shares a cell membrane. Cytokinesis is the full splitting of the cell.
What is a clone?
An organism or cell produced asexually that is genetically identical to its parent.
What are two reasons for a cell to enter G0?
- Contact inhibition signaling to the cells that there is not a need to keep producing at that moment.
- An injury
What are some "pros" of asexual reproduction?
- happens quickly
- only one parent needed (less energy required)
- large populations help protect species from shifts in environments and from predators
What are the four nucleic acid bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine.
Explain the difference between cytokinesis in animal and plant cells.
Animal cells divide with a cleavage furrow and animal cells divide with a cell plate.
What is genetic diversity?
Differences in DNA sequences and traits among individuals and organisms.
Interphase is the _________ phase of the cell cycle.
Longest.
What can be dangerous about a population with low genetic diversity?
Makes populations more vulnerable to extinction due to inbreeding, diseases, or environmental changes.
What type of bonds keep DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds.
What is the outcome of uncontrollable division of cells?
Cancer.
What is the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells?
- Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane that contains DNA.
- Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus.
During interphase, DNA is ____________ coiled, and is called _____________.
Loosely. Chromatin.
Thinking about math, binary fission results in ______________ growth of the cells.
Exponential.