DNA Sequencing
Define genome (use your syllabus)
all the genetic material in the chromosomes of an organism, including its genes and DNA sequences
What are the building blocks of DNA called and how many possibilities are there for a nitrogen base?
nucleotides
4
These are the type of bonds that hold the base pairs together in the double helix.
What is a hydrogen bond ?
What is DNA profiling?
–process where a specific DNA pattern, called a profile, is obtained from a person or sample of bodily tissue
What is DNA sequencing?
determining the precise sequence of the individual nucleotides of an individual.
What type of bond joins the the bases together?
Hydrogen
The enzyme that is used to help build the new strand of DNA
What is DNA polymerase?
From person to person our DNA is very similar, the regions that are unique and can be used for DNA profiling are called?
polymorphisms
What is the Sanger method?
–Sanger method is one method of sequencing DNA.
–It was the first method created that was automated, which allowed the procedure to be less costly and time consuming.
What is the backbone of the molecule?
Adenine bonds with?
The phosphates and the sugars make this.
Thymine
What direction does DNA replication occur?
5' to 3'
What does STR stand and what are they?
short tandem repeats
type of polymorphisms (regions of non-coding DNA that contain repeats of the same nucleotide sequence)
List 2 purposes of DNA sequencing
species to be classified
provides insight into evolution
medical purposes (role of inheritance in susceptibility to disease and in response to environmental influences. The ability to sequence the genome more rapidly and cost-effectively creates potential for diagnostics and therapies , pharmacogenomics)
What are the nitrogen bases considered in the 'DNA ladder'?
the rungs
What enzyme unzips DNA to start the process of replication?
helicase
List 3 purposes of DNA profiling
identify the probable origin of a body fluid sample associated with a crime or crime scene
reveal family relationships
identify disaster victims
understanding background (past ancestors)
How does gel electrophoresis help in DNA sequencing?
shows a visual of all of the nucleotide sequence
What are the three parts of the nucleotide (draw a labelled diagram)?
What are the complementary base pairs in DNA?
A phosphate , nitrogen containing base, and sugar(Deoxyribose).
Adenine with Thymine
Cytosine with Guanine.
When (in meiosis and mitosis) does DNA replication occur?
Interphase
What are the 3 main steps of DNA profiling?
1. collect samples of DNA to compare and extract the DNA
2. Use PCR to amplify the DNA
3. Use gel electrophoresis to compare the DNA samples