DNA Structure and Function
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does every cell have?
DNA
Which scientist(s) discovered the structure of DNA?
Rosalind Franklin
What is an enzyme?
A substance (protein) that speeds up chemical reactions.
What are Okazaki fragments?
small segments of DNA on the lagging strand
Which base pairs with adenine?
T or Thymine
Why does DNA undergo replication?
To make an exact copy for new cells
Which scientist(s) created the first model of DNA's structure?
Watson and Crick
What is the function of ligase in DNA replication?
Attaches Okazaki fragments together
Which strand is continuously built towards the replication fork?
Leading strand
What phrase is used to describe the structure of DNA?
Double Helix
When does DNA replicate?
Before cell division (interphase of the cell cycle)
What are the parts of a nucleotide of DNA?
deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
What enzyme separates the DNA strands?
Helicase
Where does DNA helicase begin unzipping the DNA?
At the replication fork
What does the information contained in DNA determine?
Characteristics
What does Chargaff's Rule state?
The amount of A = the amount of T and the amount of C = the amount of G.
If a DNA sequence is T-C-G-A-T-C-A, write the sequence of base pairs that would pair with it.
A-G-C-T-A-G-T
Which enzyme adds nucleotides to the new strand?
DNA polymerase
In which direction does the DNA Polymerase build a new strand?
5' to 3' direction
What are the four nitrogen bases and which one pair up?
Thymine and Adenine
Cytosine and Guanine
If a sample of DNA contains 24% adenine, how much cytosine would be present in the sample?
26% cytosine
Strong enough to hold the bases together; but weak enough to be broken by helicase.
Final Jeopardy
What are the 3 major enzymes of DNA replication and what are their functions?
Why is DNA said to be antiparallel?
One of the strands is copied upside down to ensure hydrogen bonding is possible.