DNA Structure and Function
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?
nucleus
Which scientist(s) discovered the structure of DNA was helical?
Rosalind Franklin
What opens up all along the eukaryotic DNA molecule allowing DNA synthesis to begin?
replication bubbles
sugar-phosphate backbones are held together by what kinds of bonds
covalent
Which base pairs with adenine?
T or Thymine
Why does DNA undergo replication?
To make an exact copy for new daughter cells
Which scientist(s) created the first 3D model of DNA's structure?
Watson and Crick
sites where the DNA helix is splitting open
replication forks
these protect the tips of chromosomes during division
telomeres
What phrase is used to describe the structure of DNA?
Double Helix
When does DNA replicate?
S phase of interphase
What are the parts of a nucleotide of DNA?
deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
What enzyme separates the DNA strands?
Helicase
Who stole Franklin's X-ray diffraction work?
Wilkins
DNA codes for.....
proteins
What does Chargaff's Rule state?
The amount of A = the amount of T and the amount of C = the amount of G.
If a DNA sequence is T-C-G-A-T-C-A, write the sequence of base pairs that would pair with it.
A-G-C-T-A-G-T
Which enzyme adds nucleotides to the new strand?
DNA polymerase
2 types of polynucleotides
DNA and RNA
What are the four nitrogen bases and which one pair up?
Thymine and Adenine
Cytosine and Guanine
If a sample of DNA contains 24% adenine, how much cytosine would be present in the sample?
26% cytosine
Why are hydrogen bonds perfect for holding the nitrogen bases together in a strand of DNA?
Strong enough to hold the bases together; but weak enough to be broken by helicase.
purines are always linked to pyrimidines by hydrogen bonds; which bases are pyrimidines?
C, T
Why is DNA said to be antiparallel?
One of the strands is copied upside down to ensure hydrogen bonding is possible.