Genetics
What is the basic unit of heredity?
Gene
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Who is known as the "Father of Genetics"?
Gregor Mendel
What is a physical characteristic of an organism called?
Trait
What is a Punnet Square used for?
To predict the probability of genetic traits in offspring
What are the two types of alleles?
Dominant and Recessive
What shape is the DNA molecule commonly described as?
Double Helix
In what year was the structure of DNA discovered?
1953
What type of trait is expressed when both alleles are the same?
Homozygous
How many squares are in a typical monohybrid Punnet Square?
4
What is the term for different forms of a gene?
Allele
Which part of the cell contains DNA?
Nucleus
What did Gregor Mendel study to understand inheritance?
Pea plants
What is a dominant trait?
A trait that is expressed even when only one allele is present
What do you call the offspring of a cross between two different parents?
Hybrid
What is the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring?
Genetics
What are the building blocks of DNA called?
Nucleotides
What significant project mapped the entire human genome?
Human Genome Project
What is a recessive trait?
A trait that is expressed only when two alleles are present
How can a Punnet Square help predict the probability of traits?
By showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents
What do we call an organism's genetic makeup?
Genotype
What is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself?
Replication
Who were Watson and Crick?
James Watson & Francis Crick
What term describes observable traits of an organism?
Phenotype
If a plant with a genotype Aa is crossed with aa, what is the expected genotypic ratio?
1:1 (or 50% Aa, 50% aa)