DNA Basics
All of DNA is a ____mer made of small repeating subunits known as a ____mer.
What is a polymer and monomer?
These are segments of DNA which encode a protein
What is a gene?
There exists 46 pairs of these in the human body.
What are chromosomes?
Blood is a part of this human organ system
What is the cardiovascular system?
These two elements make up the backbone of the DNA molecule.
What are the sugars and phosphates?
When DNA copies itself to be translated into a protein during translation, it makes a copy of itself. This copy is not itself DNA, but is known as something else.
What is mRNA (messenger RNA)?
This describes how genes occur from errors in replication, which can sometimes create a faulty protein product
What is a mutation?
This refers to chromosomes with the same characteristic set of genes
What are homologous chromosomes?
These are immune cells which help fight off infection
What are white blood cells?
When DNA is heavily mutated, this develops.
To prevent this disease, we wear sunscreen when we go out.
What is cancer (skin cancer)?
A change in the ____type of an organism's offspring does NOT necessarily create a change in the ____type of the organism's offspring.
What is genotype and phenotype?
This is a disease caused by a recessive mutation in a clotting factor
What is hemophilia?
DNA is an abbreviation of this complex acid name.
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and involves the use of DNA/RNA to direct the formation of proteins.
What is translation?
When changing one nucleotide changes the shape of hemoglobin in your RBC, causing it to collapse into a crescent-moon like shape
What is sickle-cell anemia?
What term describes when an individual inherits two recessive alleles from their parent?
What is homozygous recessive?
Blood types are determined based on the combination of three alleles. Unlike alleles which can be dominant or recessive, alleles which determine blood type are
What is co-dominant?
There exists two hydrogen bonds between these two nitrogenous bases.
What are adenine and thymine?
Three processes, replication, transcription, and translations, are together known as
What is the central dogma of biology?
This is a laboratory technique that researchers can use to determine the lengths of different fragments of DNA
What is gel electrophoresis?
This genetic tool is known as "genetic scissors" allowing researchers to modify the human genome.
What is CRISPR?
(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)
This forms a net-like mesh which traps blood cells at the clotting site to form a scab.
What is fibrin?