DNA
This double-helix shaped molecule carries the genetic instructions for all living things.
What is DNA
This term describes the physical appearance or visible traits of an organism.
What is a phenotype?
Punnett square for a single trait consists of this many boxes.
What is four?
In this type of inheritance, the heterozygous phenotype is a "blend" (e.g., a red flower and white flower making a pink flower).
What is Incomplete Dominance?
To determine the unknown genotype of a dominant individual, scientists often perform this—a cross between the unknown individual and a homozygous recessive individual.
What is a test cross?
In the DNA "ladder," Adenine always pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine always pairs with this.
What is Guanine?
An organism with two identical alleles for a trait (like TT or tt) is called this.
What is homozygous?
If you cross a homozygous dominant (BB) with a homozygous recessive (bb), this is the only possible genotype for the offspring.
What is Bb (Heterozygous)?
In this type of inheritance, both alleles are expressed equally and separately (e.g., a black chicken and white chicken making a speckled "erminette" chicken).
What is Codominance?
In genetics, a purebred organism has two of the same alleles for a trait, while this term is used to describe an organism that has two different alleles.
What is a hybrid? also know heterozygous.
These are the building blocks of DNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.
What are nucleotides?
This is the "stronger" allele that can mask the expression of a recessive allele.
What is a dominant allele?
In a cross between two heterozygous parents (Tt x Tt), this is the percentage chance the offspring will show the recessive trait.
What is 25%?
Human blood types (A, B, and O) are an example of this, where more than just two alleles exist for a trait.
What are Multiple Alleles?
These are the thread-like structures that DNA is tightly packed into. Humans have 23 pairs of them.
What are chromosomes?
This is the specific segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein or trait.
What is a gene?
This term refers to the actual genetic makeup or "letter combo" of an organism (like Tt).
What is a genotype?
If "B" is brown hair and "b" is blonde, this is the phenotype of an individual with the genotype Bb.
What is Brown hair?
In a species of fish, blue scales and yellow scales are codominant. If a homozygous blue fish is crossed with a homozygous yellow fish, this is what the offspring’s scales will look like.
What is blue and yellow speckled, striped or spottted?
This is a small section of DNA that gives instructions for one specific trait, like eye color.
What is a gene?
These two scientist created for the Double Helix DNA model.
Who are Watson and Crick
Known as the "Father of Genetics," he studied pea plants to discover the laws of inheritance.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
This tool is used to predict the probability of offspring having certain traits, not the guaranteed outcome.
What is a Punnett Square?
Unlike traits controlled by a single gene, characteristics such as human height, skin color, and eye color are controlled by the interaction of multiple genes, a pattern known as this.
What is polygenic inheritance?
This is the word used to describe the different versions or forms of a gene, like having one version for blue eyes and another version for brown eyes.
What are alleles?