Genetics Vocabulary
Name for a short segment of DNA.
Gene
This type of allele will ALWAYS appear in an individual's phenotype.
Dominant
Name of the molecule located in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms that contains the code/instruction manual for cells on what to do.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
What in a DNA molecule causes all living things to posses different characteristics and traits?
The sequence (order) of the proteins in the nitrogenous bases.
What are mutuations?
Changes to the genes (short sections) of a DNA molecule.
Name for the different variations (types) of genes.
Alleles
This type of allele will only appear in an individual's phenotype if it is homozygous.
Recessive
Term for the building blocks of a DNA molecule
Nucleotides
Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T) with how many hydrogen bonds?
Two
What are the three types of mutations we learned about in class?
Beneficial, Harmful and Neutral.
What is heredity?
The passing down of traits or charactheristics from parents to offspring.
Name for a genotype where an individual inherits two different alleles
Heterozygous/Hybrid (Rr)
The backbone or sides of a DNA molecule are made up of which two substances?
Phosphates and Sugars.
Cytosine (C) always pairs with Guanine (G) with how many hydrogen bonds?
Three
Humans who only need 4-6 hours of sleep compared to the average 7-9 hours recommended per night would be an example of a ___________ mutation.
Beneficial
What is a phenotype?
The observable traits/physical characteristics of a gene.
Name for a genotype where an individual inherits two same dominant alleles.
Homozygous Dominant (RR)
What is the name of the sides of a DNA molecule?
5 prime and 3 prime
What is the scientific name for the two carbon-nitrogen bases that bind Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) to the backbone of a DNA molecule?
Purines.
Lobsters that are bright blue and easy for predators to see would be an example of a ___________ mutation.
Harmful
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup of an individual/the pair of alleles an individual inherits from their parents.
Name for a genotype where an individual inherits two same recessive alleles.
Homozygous Recessive (rr)
What is the name for the rungs/steps of the DNA molecule?
Nitrogenous Bases
What is the the scientific name for the one carbon-nitrogen ring structure that binds Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) to the backbone of a DNA molecule?
Pyrimidines
An animal that has heterochromia (two different eye colors) but no change in eyesight would be an example of a _____________ mutation.
Neutral