DNA
Making Protein
Genetic Vocab
Vocab Continued.
100
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
100
In what cell organelle in eukaryotes is DNA found?
In the nucleus.
100
An organism that has the same allele for both copies of a particular gene is said to be ________.
Homozygous.
100
A _________ trait is a trait that is covered over or dominated by another form of that trait and seems to disappear.
Recessive.
200
What are the four base pairs that make up DNA's code?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, & Cytosine
200
DNA is transcribed into another molecule to communicate genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes. What is the molecule that is used to communicate this genetic information called?
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
200
An organism that has two different alleles for a particular gene is said to be ________.
heterozygous.
200
A ________ gene describes a trait that cover over or dominates another form of that trait.
dominant.
300
What is the shape of a DNA molecule called?
A double helix
300
When the mRNA reaches the ribosome, the genetic information is transferred to another type of molecule. What is this next molecule called?
tRNA (transfer RNA)
300
A _________ is the genetic makeup of an organism.
Genotype.
300
What is a trait that is coded for by a gene on the X chromosome but not the Y chromosome called?
X-Linked Trait or Sex-Linked Trait
400
When DNA is organized and prepared for cell division (meiosis and mitosis), what are the structures of DNA called? (Hint: You have 23 pairs of these organized DNA structures.)
Chromosomes... When DNA is not found in chromosomes, it is said to be found as chromatin.
400
In ribosomes, the genetic information carried by RNA is translated into the building blocks of proteins. What is the name of these protein building blocks?
Amino Acids
400
A _________ is the physical appearance of an organism as a result of its genes.
Phenotype.
400
What is a trait that is coded for by more than one dominant allele called?
Incomplete Dominant Trait
500
What are sections of DNA that code for a single protein called?
Genes.
500
All of the work in a cell is done by ________, the molecules for which DNA and RNA provide the code. (What molecule name goes in the blank.)
Proteins.
500
A cell that contains pairs of each chromosome is said to be _______.
Diploid.
500
What two sex chromosomes would a female human have? What two sex chromosomes would a male human have?
Female = XX Male = XY
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