DNA Replication
What is the goal of DNA replication?
To split one DNA strand into two identical DNA strands
What is the goal of DNA trancription?
To create a complementary strand of mRNA from DNA
Why does mRNA processing occur?
To produce a final produce of only coding mRNA to send to the ribosome
Where does translation occur?
At the ribosome
double helix
What is responsible for unzipping the DNA strand?
Helicase
Where in the cell does transcription take place?
The nucleus
What is the difference between introns and exons?
Introns are removed and exons stay to form final mRNA
What are the roles of the three types of RNA?
mRNA: brings genetic code
tRNA: transfers amino acids
rRNA: regulates transcription
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
What model of replication does DNA follow, and what are the names of the two other models we discussed?
Semi-conservative; conservative and dispersive
What happens to the DNA after transcription has occurred?
It reconnects and re-twists (goes back to just how is was before!)
What are the two things taken off at the beginning and end of the mRNA strand?
5' cap and 3' poly-A tail
What is a codon?
A group of three nitrogenous bases that code for a specific amino acid
What type of bond connects the nitrogenous bases of DNA?
Hydrogen
What is the limiting aspect of DNA Polymerase?
It can only move from 5' to 3'
What is the complementary mRNA strand of this DNA sequence? CGCTTAG
GCGAAUC
Where does mRNA processing occur?
In the nucleus
What is the product of translation?
Amino acid chains that go on to fold into proteins
What type of bond connects the backbone of DNA?
Phosphodiester bond
What are Okazaki fragments?
Groups of nucleotides that are used to help DNA polymerase move along the lagging stand
What is the enzyme most responsible for this process?
RNA Polymerase
What is the molecule that removes things from mRNA when it is processing?
Spliceosomes
What is AUG?
It is the start codon (amino acid methionine)
the 5' carbon