DNA replication
The three parts of a _________ are sugar, phosphate, and base.
Nucleotide
what is transcription?
The process by which the message from DNA is written down into RNA
what is a Polypeptide chain
A long chain of amino acids that form a protein molecule.
what did Frederick Griffith do
Injected mice with 4 types of bacteria
1. harmless bacteria (mice lived)
2. live, disease-causing (mice died)
3. heat-killed (mice lived)
4. both harmless AND heat-killed (mice died)
what is a Deoxyribose sugar
sugar used in DNA to make up the "backbone"
What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?
a hydrogen bond
what is mRNA (messenger RNA)
The form of RNA which is created as a blueprint from DNA; carries instructions for making a protein
what is a codon
This is a three letter sequence on mRNA. Each of these codes for one amino acid.
what did Oswald Avery do
Furthered Griffith's research - wanted to find out what it was in the heat-killed bacteria that was passed on to the live bacteria.
what is a Double helix
The Shape of DNA
If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be....
GCCATG
what is rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
The form of RNA found in the ribosome
what is Translation
The final stage of protein synthesis. Process of translating a sequence of mRNA to a sequence of amino acids.
what did Hershey & Chase do
Furthered Avery's research
- grew viruses in cultures containing radioactive isotopes of phosphorus and sulfur
- proteins contain no P
- DNA contains no S
- P and S could be used as markers
- When the virus infected the bacterium, they found only sulfur - proved it was DNA that was transmitted
what is a Gene
A section of DNA that codes for a trait
Why does a DNA strand only grow in 5'to 3' direction?
Because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing molecule
what is tRNA (transfer RNA)
The form of RNA that carries each amino acid to the ribsome to form the polypeptide chain (protein)
what is a anticodon
the 3-letter sequence that is on tRNA that bonds with the complementary codon on the mRNA.
what is Bacteriophage
Virus that infects bacteria
what are Complementary Bases
The fact that A bonds with T and G with C shows that A and T and G and C are
Where is DNA located in Eukaryotes?
In the nucleus
where does transcription take place
the nucleus
what is protein synthesis
The process that includes transcription and translation that makes proteins.
what was the Importance of Hershey & Chase and Avery's discoveries
DNA is the genetic material found in all living cells
what is DNA
A long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix.