Misc.
primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaroytic DNA?
prok = circular
euk = linear
Which direction does DNA replicate?
5'-3'
purpose of PCR?
allows a targeted region of DNA to be replicated/amplified into as many copies as are desired.
Purpose of gel electrophoresis?
to determine the size, polarity of a DNA fragment.
purpose of sanger sequencing?
to determine the sequence of a DNA strand
what is on the 5' end of DNA? the 3' end?
5 = phosphate
3= oh
Name the model of DNA replication.
semi-conservative
what kind of reaction is the pcr reaction?
a DNA synthesis reaction. It requires the same basic components used by the cell to replicate its DNA.
T/F? Small fragments are able to move through the gel more easily than large, so in a given interval of time, shorter fragments will have moved farther through the gel.
true
Dideoxynucleotides in which the 3’ hydroxyl group on the sugar ring is missing, is aka ...?
chain terminators.
enzyme that is used to permanently join the fragmented DNA together after cleavage by restriction enzymes?
dna ligase
SSBPs
Which are T/F?
The template DNA is required that contains the region of DNA that is to be amplified.
DNA polymerase replicates the DNA.
All four nucleotides are needed as the building blocks for the new DNA strands.
all are true
Direction of fragment movement?
negative to positive.
which of the following is NOT used in sanger sequencing?
a small amount of each of the chain terminators, 3/4 normal nucleotides, a DNA primer, a DNA template, fluorescent dye, and DNA polymerase
3/4 nucleotides, need all 4
what do dideoxynucleotides lack?
the 3’ free hydroxyl group
this is one of the repair mechanism held by DNA polymerase.
excision repair
the 3 steps of PCR?
denaturation, annealing and extension.
enzyme used to break up a whole genome into smaller fragments
restriction enzyme
what process is used for sanger sequencing after dna synthesis is complete?
gel electrophoresis. The smallest daughter molecules migrate most quickly and therefore are the first to reach the bottom of the gel, followed by the others in order of increasing size
Chickens that produce eggs containing human antibodies to help fight bacteria that are genetically modified are also known as...
a gmo
helicase and topoisomerase unwind DNA to create this particular structure necessary for correct orientation of replication players?
replication fork
this problem was solved by using DNA polymerase aka Taq polymerase from a extremophile.
temperature senstivity
purpose of restriction enzymes?
can be useful to cut DNA at specific sites
T/F? A fluorescence detector at the end of the gel reads the colors of the fragments as they exit the gel. The differently colored peaks from left to right represent the order of fluorescently tagged DNA fragments emerging from the gel. This helps with identification of the template strand DNA sequence.
truth