Dino DNA
What is the molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to make proteins and to develop, live and reproduce.
What is DNA?
A method of separating DNA fragments according to their size and charge using an electric current passed through a gel containing the samples.
Electrophoresis
A method used to make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA from a very small amount of DNA.
What is PCR?
Farmers and ranchers select which organisms; plants and animals will reproduce in order to isolate desired traits / characteristics.
What is Selective Breeding?
Most human cells have how many chromosomes?
What is 46 chromosomes?
The total amount of DNA in a cell.
What is a Genome?
The process of DNA fingerprinting was invented by whom.
Who is Alec Jeffreys?
What enzyme is used during PCR to pair complementary bases to the template strand?
What is DNA Polymerase (Taq Polymerase)?
The technology of joining together DNA molecules from one or two different species then inserting the newly combined gene into a host organism to produce new genetic traits that are of value to science, medicine, agriculture, and industry.
Recombinant DNA Technology
No two people have the exact same DNA. Explain whether you think this is true or false, and why.
False. Identical twins have the same DNA.
Segment of DNA in a chromosome that contains information used to produce a protein.
What is a Gene?
During gel electrophoresis, electrodes are added so that:
A)The positive end is near the wells; the negative end is opposite the wells
B)The negative end is near the wells; the positive end is opposite the wells
C) DNA fragments travel toward the positive end
D) DNA fragments travel toward the negative end
E) Both A and D
F) Both B and C
G) All of the above
F) Both B and C
B)The negative end is near the wells; the positive end is opposite the wells
C) DNA fragments travel toward the positive end
During PCR, the temperature is increased separate DNA strands, this step is called _____?
What is Denaturation?
Remove the Nucleus from a cell.
What is Enucleate?
What sugar is found in DNA?
What is Deoxyribose?
The sides of the helix, referred to as the backbone of DNA, are made up of what?
What is alternating sugar and phosphate molecules.
During Electrophoresis, which "parts" move farther, and which "parts" move less.
Smaller DNA fragments move further, larger DNA fragments don't move as far.
During PCR, what three materials are mixed with the crime scene DNA?
Free Nucleotides, Primers, DNA Polymerase
Typically a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of a bacterium.
What is a Plasmid?
DNA fingerprinting was first invented for the purpose of _____.
What is diagnosing and treating diseases.
DNA is found in what two organelles?
What are the Nucleus and Mitochondria?
Describe the steps in DNA Profiling via Electrophoresis.
1) DNA Extraction- break down cells to release DNA.
2) Use Restriction Enzymes to cut DNA into fragments.
3) Put fragments into wells in gel. Run current through gel to separate the fragments.
4) Dye the gel.
5) Analyze the fragments.
What are the steps in PCR?
1) Heat Cycle Denaturation: heat the sample to unwind the DNA double helix.
2) Cool sample to allow Primer to attach to DNA templates. DNA Polymerase (Taq Polymerase) will build new DNA strands with free nucleotides. This step is called Annealing.
3) Reheat sample, and repeat cycle.
What are the steps in cloning an animal?
1: A diploid body cell is removed from Sheep A. A haploid egg is harvested from sheep B.
2: The haploid nucleus is removed from the egg and replaced by Sheep A’s diploid body cell nucleus.
3 The egg is allowed to undergo division in a test-tube forming a cluster of cells / embryo.
4: The embryo is implanted into sheep C to grow into a baby and be born.
The human genome consists of approximately how many base pairs?
What is 3 million base-pairs?