Carbohydrates
What is the ratio for carbohydrates?
CH2O
Are lipids polar or nonpolar?
Nonpolar
What is the monomer of DNA?
Nucleotides
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino acids
What is a positive result of the Benedict’s Test? A negative result? What does it test for?
Blue; no change; excess ketones
What are the two simple carbohydrates? The two complex carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides and disaccharides; Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides
Name 2 types of lipids
Fats/oils
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Glycolipids
Steroids
Lipoproteins
What's found on the 3' and 5' carbons?
3' = hydroxyl group
5' = phosphate group
What are amino acids held together by?
Peptide bonds
What is the ELISA used for? What is a positive result? A negative result?
Detecting c-peptide; green; clear
What is it called when molecules have the same formula but different structures?
The molecules are isomers
What is the monomer of lipids?
Fatty acids
What is the "backbone" of DNA?
Phosphodiester bonds
What is an enzyme?
A protein that catalyzes (speeds up) a chemical reaction
What is the difference between Type I Diabetes and Type II Diabetes?
Type I is genetic and insulin is not produced, Type II is acquired and the body does not respond to insulin.
A ______ _____ is a specific grouping of atoms in a molecule that determine the chemical behavior of a compound.
Functional Group
What is the functional group in lipids? What do you call molecules that contain a carboxyl group?
Carboxyl (COOH), Carboxylic acids
What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?
Purines = 9-membered double rings (Adenine & Guanine)
Pyrimidines = 6-membered rings (Thymine & Cytosine)
What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors?
Competitive inhibitors will bind to an enzyme block the substrate from binding, while non-competitive inhibitors will attach to another site on the enzyme and block it from doing its job
Which type of diabetes is c-peptide present in?
Type 2
How do we attach two monosaccharides together? How do we break them apart? What type of bond is between them?
Dehydration synthesis/condensation; hydrolysis; glycosidic linkage/bond
What is the bond between glycerol and fatty acids during dehydration synthesis called?
Ester bonds
What does Chargaff’s rule state?
The same amount of A & T must pair, and the same amount of C & G must pair
What is induced fit?
An enzyme will slightly adjust its shape when it binds to the substrate for a better fit
What mg/dL reading from the urinalysis test would cause a doctor to recommend blood work?
125 mg/dL