DNA Structure
DNA has a unique two-sided, spiraling shape. What is the name given to this shape?
Double Helix
What term describes the genetic makeup (letters) of an organism? What term describes the physical traits you can observe?
Genotype is the genetic makeup (letters); Phenotype is the physical trait.
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
The first mRNA codon is referred to as the _____ codon because it tells the ribosome where the protein building instructions begin.
Start
What do cells use in order to manufacture proteins?
Ribosomes
In DNA, adenine always pairs with this base, and guanine always pairs with this base.
Thymine; Cytosine (A-T, G-C)
If "T" represents tall and "t" represents short, what would the phenotype be for a heterozygous individual?
Tall
Which nitrogen base is found in RNA, but not found in DNA?
Uracil
These 3 codons are referred to as _____ codons because they tell the ribosome where the protein building instructions will end.
Stop
What are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
DNA is composed of repeating nucleotides. Name the three components of a nucleotide.
Phosphate, Deoxyribose Sugar, Nitrogen Base
In cats, short hair (S) is dominant over long hair (s). Two heterozygous cats have kittens. What percentage of kittens will have long hair?
25%
What molecule acts as a blueprint for making proteins, carrying genetic instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome?
mRNA
The genetic code is read three nitrogen bases at a time. A group of three nitrogen bases is called a _____
Codon
This molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
tRNA
In single-stranded DNA, one nucleotide is bonded with the next nucleotide by what type of bond?
Covalent Bond
Tongue rolling (R) is dominant over non-rolling (r). A heterozygous tongue roller has children with a non-roller. What percentage of children will be able to roll their tongue?
50% will be able to roll their tongue
(Parents = Rr and rr)
What would be the mRNA sequence if the DNA sequence of a gene is GCA TAT AGT?
CGU AUA UCA
True or False: Multiple codons will code for the same Amino Acid, in case there is some error in the transcription process
True
Translate this mRNA sequence:
AUG CAC GUU
Methionine - Histidine - Valine
If one strand of DNA reads TACGGA, what are the bases on the complementary strand?
ATGCCT
In rabbits, black fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). A breeder wants ALL offspring to be heterozygous (Bb). What must the genotypes of BOTH parents be?
BB x bb
What possible codons will code for leucine?
UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG