Vocab
This is the major enzyme used during protein synthesis
What is DNA helicase?
This is where translation occurs
What is 'in the cytoplasm at a ribosome?'
These pieces of a gene are considered to be functional/coding portions of the gene and are spliced together during RNA processing
What are exons?
These pieces of a gene are considered to be 'non-functional' and are spliced out during RNA processing
What are introns?
This is where transcription occurs
What is 'in the nucleus?'
This is the process of turning a photocopy of a gene into a protein
What is translation?
These are the pyrimidines found in DNA
What are 1) cytosine and 2) thymine?
This is the process of copying a gene from a DNA strand to a piece of RNA
What is transcription?
This is the central dogma of biology:
What is 'DNA to RNA to Proteins?'
This scientist was responsible for the infamous 'Photo 51'
Who is Rosalind Franklin?
This is another term for the process of protein synthesis
What is 'gene expression?'
This organelle is used during protein synthesis to actually build proteins
What are the ribosomes?
On the board, write the complementary RNA sequences for the following DNA codons: TAT CGG CGA AAA ATC
What is 'AUA GCC UUU UAG'
Briefly explain HOW we see redundancy built into genetic code AND explain why this is a good thing
What are 'multiple codons code for the same amino acid - this is beneficial because it reduces the overall chances of mistakes?'
Briefly describe the purpose of rRNA
What is 'to bind with certain proteins on ribosome and hold entire ribosome together during translation?'
Briefly explain what happens during 'RNA processing?'
What is 'the non-coding sections of the gene (introns) are removed and the coding/functional sections of the gene (exons) are spliced together?'
List the two structures that can form to create a secondary protein
What are 1) alpha helix or 2) beta pleated sheet?
This is the process of going from DNA to RNA
What is transcription?
Protein synthesis requires access to these short segments of DNA that code for traits
What are genes?
Anti-codons are always found on this type of RNA
What is tRNA?
List all three types of RNA used during protein synthesis (full name, not just letters) and their major functions
What is: 1) messenger RNA - makes throwaway copy of a gene and shuttles it out to a ribosome, 2) ribosomal RNA - holds the two ribosomal sub units together, and 3) transfer RNA - grabs the correct amino acids from cytoplasm and transfers them back tot he binding site at the ribosome?
Why do we think that the end product of gene expression has evolved to always produce a protein structure?
What is 'because proteins can take on many complex shapes and are the most structurally diverse of all the biomolecules?'
List the five major facts about genetic code that affect how it is used/copied/'read'
What is 'Genetic code is: 1) redundant, 2) universal, 3) lacks punctuation, 4) broken up into codons, and 5) has directionality?'
This is how the ribosome creates a protein
What is 'the ribosome 'reads' the strand of mRNA and each codon has a matching anticodon on a piece of tRNA, which brings each amino acid to the ribosome?'
Name the four basic structures of proteins AND briefly define them
What is 1) primary structure - chain of amino acids, 2) secondary structure - alpha helix or beta pleated sheet, 3) tertiary structure - formed when two or more secondary structures come together, 4) quaternary structure - formed when multiple tertiary proteins join?