DNA
What kind of bond holds a nitrogenous base pair together?
Hydrogen bonds
What is the base pairing rule of the four nitrogenous bases of DNA?
A-T, C-G
Which nitrogenous base is replaced with a Uracil (U) in RNA?
Thymine
The mRNA travels from the nucleus to which organelle to start the translation process?
Ribosome
Replicate the complementary strand using the DNA template below.
3' - ATT TCG GCT GGG AGT - 5'
5' - TAA AGC CGA CCC TCA - 5'
Name the four nitrogenous bases of DNA. (Full names)
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
This is the enzyme that starts DNA replication by unzipping double stranded DNA.
Helicase
The RNA polymerase binds to this specific region on the DNA to start the transcription process.
Promoter
The three letter code on the mRNA is called the _____ and the three letter code on the tRNA is called the _____.
Codon, anticodon
Transcribe mRNA from the DNA template below.
3' - GCG ATA ATT GTC AGC - 5'
5' - CGC UAU UAA CAG UCG - 3'
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar
This enzyme builds up the new DNA strand during DNA replication.
DNA polymerase
What is the type of RNA that is made during the transcription process?
mRNA
This site on the ribosome holds the tRNA carrying the growing protein chain.
P site
What would the tRNA anticodons be for the following mRNA strand?
AUA GUC CGU GCG UAC
UAU CAG GCA CGC AUG
What did Griffith and Avery work with to study DNA? Briefly explain their experiment.
Bacterial cells and normal cells
Heat-killed bacterial cells' DNA made it into healthy cells and transformed them into harmful cells.
This enzyme decides where DNA polymerase binds and starts the replication process.
Primase
The transcription of RNA from the DNA template stop at the _____ codon.
STOP
This site on the ribosome holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the protein chain.
A site
AAA GUU AGC UGG UUG
Lysine - Valine - Serine - Tryptophan - Leucine
What did Hershey and Chase work with to study DNA? Briefly explain their experiment.
Bacteriophage
Radioactively color labeled DNA inside bacteriophage and discovered phage injects its DNA into bacteria during infection.
What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand during DNA replication? Be as specific as possible.
The DNA polymerase adds nitrogenous bases continuously toward the replication fork. In the lagging strand, DNA polymerase is forced to add nitrogenous bases away from the replication fork so this strand forms in fragments.
The RNA goes through these two modifications before leaving the nucleus to go to the ribosome.
A guanine cap is attached at the 5' end and a poly-A (Adenine) tail is attached to the 3' end.
Briefly explain the movement of tRNAs through the E, P, and A sites of the ribosome during the translation process.
The first tRNA carries an amino acid and binds to the P site, the tRNA carrying the next amino acid binds to the A site, the growing protein chain is moved from the P to A site, then the tRNA from the P site moves out through the E site.
Translate the amino acid chain from the following DNA template.
3' - GTC CTT AAC - 5'