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the 3 parts of a nucleotide of DNA
1 deoxyribose, phosphate group, and 1 nitrogen base
DNA can make exact copies of itself through replication because the nitrogen bases always pair
a-t and c-g
Sections of DNA that serve as instructions for making proteins. There can be hundreds to thousands of these on a single chromosome.
genes
Where is the site of translation (protein synthesis)?
Ribosome
How many nitrogen bases are in a single codon?
3
Ex: AGC TAC CAG = 3 codons, 3 nitrogen bases each, 9 Nitrogen bases total
the 3 parts of nucleotide of RNA?
Ribose, phosphate, 1 nitrogen base
During DNA replication, what would be the complementary strand to the original DNA segment of GCTAAT?
CGATTA
This process is the interpreting the RNA message into a polypeptide to make a protein. (mRNA--> polypeptide-->protein)
Translation
Messenger RNA carries a(n) EXACT COPY/TRANSCRIPT of the DNA's instructions out of the nucleus to the RIBOSOME/NUCLEUS.
transcript; ribosome
A five carbon sugar found as a component part of the nucleotides of RNA molecules
ribose
Which best describes the structure of the "backbone" (side rails) of a DNA molecule?
It is composed of a 5-carbon sugar and a phosphate group
When does DNA replication occur? (phase)
S phase of Interphase
Monomer of Proteins, held together by peptide bonds
Amino Acids
What is the site (location) for transcription?
Nucleus
RNA that makes up the structure of the ribosome
Ribosomal RNA
A nitrogen base that makes up a nucleotide of RNA. The nitrogen base is found in RNA, NOT DNA___________.
Uracil
Explain the concept of semi-conservative replication of DNA.
Part of the "old" strand is conserved and used in the "new strand". 1 part new & 1 part old.
Unit of 3 nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that specifies a particular amino acid in a protein. Also called a triplet for mRNA
codon
During __________, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
Translation
Which RNA molecule binds and carries specific amino acids to the ribosome?
Transfer RNA
The genetic code of an organism is determined by ....
A. the number of amino acids in its cell.
B. the speed at which the polypeptides are produced
C. the sequence of nitrogen bases in it DNA
D. the shape of the ribosomes in its cell
C. the sequence of nitrogen bases in it DNA
The DNA codes for the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) during transcription. In eukaryotic cells, the mRNA is processed and migrates from the _________ to the _________. Messenger RNA carries coded information to the __________, where this information is translated and used for protein synthesis.
nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome
A chain of amino acids, can bind to others and fold into a protein. The Polymer of Proteins.
Polypeptide
Identify the correct sequence of molecules, as a gene goes from coded information in the nucleus, to the product the cell wants to make.
A. DNA --> messenger RNA --> transfer RNA--> protein
B. DNA--> transfer RNA --> messenger RNA --> protein
C. DNA--> transfer RNA--> protein--> messenger RNA
D. protein--> messenger RNA--> transfer RNA--> DNA
A. DNA --> messenger RNA --> transfer RNA--> protein
Which type of RNA copies the instructions in DNA and carries them to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm?
Messenger RNA