DNA Structure & Function
DNA Replication
Transcription & Translation
Mutations
Vocab
100
What makes up a nucleotide?
deoxyribose + phosphate group + nitrogenous base
100
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases.
GATCCA
100
Unlike DNA, RNA contains the base pair
Uracil
100
When a chromosome undergoes a deletion mutation, information is
Deleted/ Lost
100
Which molecule stores information in a cell?
DNA
200
Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of T = the percentage of
A
200
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
Each with one new strand and one original strand.
200
Which type of RNA brings a portion of the message found in DNA from the nucleus out into the cytoplasm?
mRNA
200
A deletion or insertion (point mutation) will result in a
Frameshift
200
Which enzyme is responsible for “unzipping” the DNA so that replication can begin
Helicase
300
What forms a base pair with Guanine?
Cytosine
300
DNA replication happens during which phase of the cell cycle
S Phase of Interphase
300
What is produced during transcription?
mRNA molecues
300
When a substitution mutation occurs but the SAME amino acid as the original strand is created, the effect of that mutation is called
Silent
300
A mutation that involves one base pair is called
a point mutation.
400
Figure 12–2 shows the structure of
A DNA Molecule
400
In eukaryotes, DNA is located in
The nucleus.
400
How many base pairs are needed to specify three amino acids?
9
400
When a mutation produces an early STOP codon, the effect is __________
translation will stop too early
400
DNA polymerase adds bases to the lagging strand in segments known as _________
Okazaki Fragments
500
What structural problem prevents adenine from pairing with guanine?
The bases are double rings (purines)
500
Which enzyme is responsible for adding the RNA primers during replication?
Primase
500
What happens during translation?
The cell uses the mRNA code to make a chain of amino acids.
500
Original DNA: THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT
Mutated DNA: THF ATC ATA TET HER AT
What type of mutation occured in the sequence above? What is the effect of that mutation?
Deletion/ Frameshift
500
In Figure 12–5, which enzyme is responsible for adding base pairs to the strand?
DNA Polymerase