Chromosomes
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides
Why are proteins important to living organisms?
They express genes, carry out various functions (storage, transport, structure, etc.)
How would you describe the cell cycle?
The life cycle of the cell
DNA and RNA have very similar names.
The sugars
What enzyme unzips the DNA?
Helicase
What three parts compose this building block?
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
Name and describe the first step in protein synthesis.
Transcription
What has to happen before a cell is able to divide?
DNA has to replicate
What difference in their structure gives them their unique names?
DNA - deoxyribose and RNA - ribose
What type of bonds does this enzyme have to break?
hydrogen bonds
What is the purpose of DNA?
Genetic information; provides all of the instructions for organisms
in the nucleus
Describe the two major stages of the cell cycle.
Interphase and Mitosis
Where can DNA be found in the cell?
DNA = nucleus,
Why is one of the strands of DNA considered “leading” and the other considered “lagging”?
The leading goes toward the replication fork (where the 2 strands split) and the lagging goes away (it’s backwards)
Define genes.
Segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait(s)
Why does RNA leave the nucleus?
To bring the genetic message to the cytoplasm in order to build proteins.
Do all cells have the same length of a cell cycle? Explain.
Different types of cells have take longer/shorter in the cell cycle.
Where can RNA be found?
RNA = nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosome
Why is the leading strand able to replicate continuously but the lagging strand is not?
Leading replicates towards where the DNA is unzipping (5’ to 3’)
What is the purpose of genes?
Provides instructions for making proteins
Name and describe the second step in protein synthesis
Translation
Haploid gametes (egg and sperm) will fuse to form a
zygote
How are DNA and RNA different?
Name 2 differences.
DNA is 2 strands, RNA is a single strand; DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil;
What enzyme seals up the new DNA?
Ligase seals the spaces formed between Okazaki fragments