DNA Structure
The term used to describe DNA's spiral Structure
What is: Double Helix
The full name of DNA and RNA
What is:
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
Ribonucleic Acid
the purpose of DNA replication happening before mitosis (cell division)
What is:
ensures that each new cell has a copy of the genetic material
Two steps of Protein Synthesis
Transcription - genetic information transferred from DNA to mRNA
Translation - making a protein from information encoded in mRNA
Three steps of Translation
What is:
Initiation, Elongation, Termination
monomer of a nucleic acid, and it's three components
What is:
nucleotide - phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrogen-containing base
name the sugar group in DNA and RNA
What is:
DNA - Deoxyribose
RNA - Ribose
The term used to describe replication that ensures each new double helix has one old (parent) strand and one new (daughter) strand
What is: Semi-conservative
enzyme required to "unzip DNA for transcription"
Initiation
What is: when mRNA binds to the ribosome
The 4 nitrogenous bases found in DNA and their complementary base pairing.
What is:
Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
It has a Single - Stranded structure
What is:
RNA
Step 1 of DNA replication (Enzyme and action required)
What is: Helicase unwinds and unzips DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases.
RNA polymerase joins RNA nucleotides to form a single strand of ______. This happens in the _____ of the cell
What is: mRNA, nucleus
RNA involved in transporting amino acids to the ribosome.
What is: tRNA
The type of bond formed between nitrogenous bases, and list which bases are Purines vs. Pyrimidines
What is:
Hydrogen Bonds
Purines - Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines - Cytosine and Thymine
The difference in complementary base pairings for RNA and DNA?
What is:
RNA contains Uracil in place of Thymine.
Step 2 of DNA replication (2 Enymes and the action required)
What is:
Primase adds RNA primers onto each strand
DNA polymerase helps new nucleotides with complementary bases bind to new strand.
during mRNA processing, ______ are removed and _____ are joined.
What is: Introns, Exons
A group of 3 bases on tRNA complementary to a codon on mRNA
What is: Anticodon
Based on the Watson-Crick Model, The DNA "ladder" has sides composed of______ and steps/rungs formed from_____
Sugar Phosphate groups
Nitrogenous bases
Three different kinds of RNA used in Transcription and Translation
What is:
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Final step and enzyme in DNA Replication
What is:
DNA Ligase "seals" the sugar phosphate backbone by catalyzing formation of covalent bonds.
write the corresponding mRNA sequence for the following DNA sequence:
TACTTCAAACCG
What is:
AUGAAGUUUGGC
The tRNA is released after amino acids are joined by ____ bonds at the ribosome.
What is: Peptide bonds